Random dot stereogram E in vision screening of children

Abstract

The random dot stereogram E (RDE) has been shown to be a simple and effective test for the detection of binocular abnormalities and defective visual acuity in ~hi1dren.l.~ We determined the validity of the RDE as a screening test for reduced visual acuity, amblyopia and strabismus in two separate populations of children.A nonselective group of 100 school children (aged 5 to 15 years) who presented consecutively to the ophthalmology department at Auckland Public Hospital were tested with the RDE. All cases of amblyopia and strabismus were detected by the RDE. Similar screening with the RDE test of 168 preschool children (aged three to four years) in the community resulted in an unacceptably high overreferral rate. The test was unreliable in the preschool age group because of difficulty in distinguishing between test failure and non-cooperation with the test. The low positive predictive value of the test in the younger age group suggests the test to be unsuitable for preschool vision screening.

Preschool Vision Screening in Primary Care Pediatric Practice

“…This criterion differed because five figures were present on the chart's critical line rather than six figures, as described in the AAP guidelines. 17 Children who were uncooperative or did not comprehend the test were categorized as untestable. Pediatricians also performed the red reflex test and the corneal light reflex test.…”

Diagnostic accuracy of vision screening tests for the detection of amblyopia and its risk factors: a systematic review

“…The inclusion criteria were met by 27 studies [40][41][42][43]. Five studies evaluated more than one screening test.…”

“…Stereo acuity tests were examined in seven cross-sectional studies [28,29,32,[40][41][42][43] (see Table 5). Five studies evaluated whether these tests can be used to (indirectly) detect reduced visual acuity, refractive disorders and/or strabismus [28,29,[40][41][42].…”

“…Five studies evaluated whether these tests can be used to (indirectly) detect reduced visual acuity, refractive disorders and/or strabismus [28,29,[40][41][42]. One study compared the results of the Titmus test (index test) with the results of the TNO test (reference test) [43].…”

Non‐stereoscopic cues in the Random‐Dot E stereotest: results for adult observers*

“…The Random-Dot E (RDE) stereotest (Stereo Optical Co.) is a clinical test of stereopsis that was originally developed to aid in vision screening for amblyopia (Reinecke and Simons, 1974). In addition to other commercially available randomdot stereotests (Frisby et al, 1975;Simons, 1981), the RDE stereotest is cited as a useful test for vision screening (Rosner, 1978;Hammond and Schmidt, 1986), although there is some evidence that the RDE stereotest may be unsuitable for screening in preschool children (Hope and Maslin, 1990). The RDE stereotest consists of two hand-held plates constructed using vectographic material.…”