Rapeseed species and environmental concerns related to loss of seeds of genetically modified oilseed rape in Japan

Nishizawa, Toru; Tamaoki, Masanori; Aono, Mitsuko; Kubo, Akihiro; Saji, Hikaru; Nakajima, Nobuyoshi

doi:10.4161/gmcr.1.3.12761

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Aono et al (2006) also reported the presence of barnase and barstar genes in the progeny of some of the sampled oilseed rape plants. As no GM oilseed rape has been grown for marketing purposes in Japan (Nishizawa et al, 2010), transgene presence could be attributed to the accidental loss and spillage of imported viable GMHT oilseed rape seeds. These data indicate that seed dispersal of GMHT oilseed rape will occur wherever it is transported or cultivated, so that feral plants are likely to be present along transportation routes in all countries cultivating and/or receiving imports of viable seeds of GMHT oilseed rape and in ruderal habitats in areas where GMHT oilseed rape is commercially grown.…”

Section: It Concluded That: "In the Very Unlikely Event That Such A Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2010‐87) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape GT73 for food containing or consisting of, and food produced from or containing ingredients produced from, oilseed rape GT73 (with the exception of refined oil and food additives) under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto

2013

EFS2

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This scientific opinion is a risk assessment for the placing on the market of the genetically modified (GM) herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape (OSR) GT73 for food containing or consisting of, and food produced from or containing ingredients produced from, OSR-GT73. OSR-GT73 contains a single insert consisting of the goxv247 and CP4 epsps expression cassettes. Both proteins confer tolerance against glyphosate-based-herbicides. Bioinformatic analyses of inserted DNA and flanking regions did not raise safety concerns. Levels of CP4 EPSPS and GOXv247 proteins in OSR-GT73 were analysed and the stability of the genetic modification was demonstrated. No biologically relevant differences were identified in the compositional/agronomic/phenotypic characteristics of OSR-GT73 compared with its conventional counterpart, except for the newly expressed proteins. No indication of potential concerns over the safety of the newly expressed CP4-EPSPS and GOXv247 proteins or the occurrence of unintended effects were identified in either OSR-GT73 pollen/pollen-containing dietary supplements or the adventitious presence of trace levels of seeds in human foods. An equivalent assessment with isolated seed protein could not be made because of the lack of availability of relevant consumption and safety data. There are no indications of increased establishment and spread of feral OSR-GT73 plants, or of hybridising wild relatives, unless exposed to glyphosate-based-herbicides. Potential interactions of feral plants with the biotic/abiotic environment do not raise concerns. Environmental risks of horizontal gene transfer into bacteria were not identified. The monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses. The environmental risk assessment of OSR-GT73 did not identify any safety concerns, in the context of its intended uses. While the Panel is not in a position to conclude on the safety of OSR pollen as such, it concludes that the genetic modification in OSR-GT73 does not constitute an additional health risk if OSR-GT73 pollen were to replace non-GM OSR pollen. Scientific opinion on herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape GT73 for food containing or consisting of, and food produced from or containing ingredients produced from, oilseed rape GT73 2 EFSA Journal 2013;11 (2) 4 from Monsanto, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA GMO Panel) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the safety of genetically modified (GM) herbicide tolerant oilseed rape GT73 (Unique Identifier MON-ØØØ73-7) for food containing or consisting of, and food produced from or containing ingredients produced from, GM oilseed rape GT73 (with the exception of refined oil and food additives).In delivering its Scientific Opinion, the EFSA GMO Panel considered the application EFSA-GMO-NL-2010-87, additional information supplied by the applicant, scientific comments submitted by the Member States, and relevant scientific publications. Further information was taken into account from previous applicatio...

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Section: It Concluded That: "In the Very Unlikely Event That Such A Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2010‐87) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape GT73 for food containing or consisting of, and food produced from or containing ingredients produced from, oilseed rape GT73 (with the exception of refined oil and food additives) under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto

2013

EFS2

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“…Aono et al (2006) also reported the presence of barnase and barstar genes in the progeny of some of the sampled oilseed rape plants. As no GM oilseed rape has been grown for marketing purposes in Japan (Nishizawa et al, 2010), transgene presence could be attributed to the accidental loss and spillage of imported viable GMHT oilseed rape seeds. These data indicate that seed dispersal of GMHT oilseed rape will occur wherever it is transported or cultivated, so that feral plants are likely to be present along transport routes in all countries cultivating and/or receiving imports of viable seeds of GMHT oilseed rape and in ruderal habitats in areas where GMHT oilseed rape is commercially grown.…”

Section: Potential For Gene Transfer 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-BE-2010-81) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 × Rf3 for food containing or consisting of, and food produced from or containing ingredients pro

2012

EFSA Journal

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This scientific opinion is a risk assessment for the placing on the market of the genetically modified (GM) herbicide‐tolerant oilseed rape (OSR) Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8×Rf3 for food containing or consisting of, and food produced from or containing ingredients produced from, these GM plants. OSR Ms8 (male sterile) and Rf3 (fertility restorer) are the parents of OSR Ms8×Rf3, which is fertile, contains the bar, barstar and barnase genes, and is tolerant to glufosinate‐ammonium‐containing herbicides. Integrity of the inserts present in the single events was demonstrated in the stack. Molecular characterisation did not reveal any safety issues. No biologically relevant differences were identified in the composition or agronomic and phenotypic characteristics of OSR Ms8×Rf3, as compared with its non‐GM comparator, except for the newly expressed proteins. The safety assessment identified no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of OSR Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8×Rf3. A broiler study confirmed that OSR Ms8×Rf3 is as nutritious as its non‐GM comparator. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of feral OSR Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8×Rf3 plants, or of hybridising wild relatives, unless exposed to glufosinate‐ammonium‐containing herbicides. Considering the intended uses, potential interactions of feral OSR Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8×Rf3 plants with the biotic and abiotic environment are not considered an issue. Environmental risks associated with a possible horizontal transfer into bacteria have not been identified. The monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses. In conclusion, the EFSA GMO Panel considers that the information available for OSR Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8×Rf3 addresses the scientific comments raised by Member States and that OSR Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8×Rf3 are unlikely to have an adverse effect on human and animal health or on the environment, in the context of their intended uses.

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“…The feral plants probably originated from spillage of contaminated OSR seed from freight trains (Hecht et al, 2014;Schulze et al, 2014Schulze et al, , 2015. Spillage of GM OSR seeds along transportation routes was also confirmed in Japan where cultivation of GM OSR is also prohibited (Saji et al, 2005;Kawata et al, 2009;Nishizawa et al, 2009Nishizawa et al, , 2010Aono et al, 2011;Mizuguti et al, 2011), the United States (in North Dakota 80% of feral OSR proved to be GM: Schafer et al, 2011;Sagers et al, 2012) and Canada (Yoshimura et al, 2006;Knispel et al, 2008;Beckie and Warwick, 2010;Knispel and McLachlan, 2010). Consequently, transportation and handling activities during import of GM OSR are considered the main cause of unintended occurrence and establishment of feral GM OSR in countries without GM OSR cultivation.…”

Section: Oilseed Rape As a Model System For Seed Spillage Along Transmentioning

confidence: 88%

Spillage of Viable Seeds of Oilseed Rape along Transportation Routes: Ecological Risk Assessment and Perspectives on Management Efforts

et al. 2017

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Seed spillage during handling and transportation promotes establishment and invasion of feral crops into adjacent semi-natural habitats. This is also the case for oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus), where seed spillage may lead to establishment of herbicide resistant OSR populations in countries without cultivation of genetically modified OSR. Using data from Austria-where cultivation and import of genetically modified OSR are banned-as a prime example, we demonstrate that ports, oil mills, switchyards, and border railway stations to countries with different electric current systems-where trains have to stop-are the sites of primary concern with respect to seed spillage. Based on the results of the Austrian case study we discuss common measures to limit crop seed spillage which include intensified controls at border railway stations and the mode of seed packing during transportation. We further recommend sufficient cleaning both of goods wagons and of loading areas of trucks and ships as well as an appropriate weed management.Keywords: oilseed rape, transport, seed spillage, feral crop, invasion, mitigation measures, risk assessment, AustriaSeeds of arable crops are regularly spilled during transport and handling activities. These incidents cause intense management efforts and additional costs (Yoshimura et al., 2006). Moreover, the origin and establishment of feral populations along transportation routes contribute to the uncertainty concerning containment of genetically modified (GM) crops outside fields and could therefore interfere with a successful weed management. Here, we focus on oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus), a frequently spilled crop (Von der Lippe and Kowarik, 2007) with GM lines already in use, to identify spillage hot-spots due to transportation and handling, allowing us to develop perspectives on common management approaches.Spillage of OSR seeds has intensively been studied worldwide (e.g., Schafer et al., 2011), which makes OSR a primary model system in this context. We chose Austria as study region because this small country is situated in the center of Europe rendering it a nodal point for traffic and international goods carriage.

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Rapeseed species and environmental concerns related to loss of seeds of genetically modified oilseed rape in Japan

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-BE-2010-81) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape Ms8, Rf3 and Ms8 × Rf3 for food containing or consisting of, and food produced from or containing ingredients pro

Spillage of Viable Seeds of Oilseed Rape along Transportation Routes: Ecological Risk Assessment and Perspectives on Management Efforts

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