Rapid Analysis of Styrene in Drinking Water and Tea Samples Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection

Abstract

In this project, a simple, low-cost and rapid procedure based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) has been used for the extraction and determination of styrene in aqueous solutions. Several factors, such as type of extraction and dispersive solvents and their volumes, salt addition, and pH were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the recoveries of styrene for tea and water samples spiked with 10 and 15 ng mL −1 were in the range of 91.4-97.8 %, whereas the temperature was set at 0, 4, 20, 70 and 91°C for 15, 30, 60, 1440, and 14,400 min. The linear range was obtained in the interval of 1.86-50 ng mL −1 . The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantitation (S/N = 10) were 0.6 and 1.86 ng mL −1 , respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for three replicated analysis of styrene in aqueous samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.3 %.

Role of Residual Monomers in the Manifestation of (Cyto)toxicity by Polystyrene Microplastic Model Particles

“…Hence, we developed a simple yet sensitive method to measure styrene in aqueous solutions. Compared with the GC and LC methods, the limit of detection of our UV method (limit of detection, 0.1 μg/mL) is in the same range as for the GC method while higher than for the LC method. , …”

“…Styrene detection was traditionally measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), − high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector (HP-LC), , or an electrochemical method . Back in 1951, UV–vis was used for styrene detection in solid PS samples .…”

“… 42 The ISO (ISO 2561:2015; 1974) issued the standard method of residual styrene determination in PS products by GC. Few studies used GC, 43 GC–MS 37 and HP-LC 39 , 40 to detect styrene in aqueous solutions. However, these techniques were either tedious or expensive because the columns are easily contaminated.…”

“…Compared with the GC and LC methods, the limit of detection of our UV method (limit of detection, 0.1 μg/mL) is in the same range as for the GC method 37 while higher than for the LC method. 39,40 The calibration curve of styrene was built. A mixed solvent system of distilled methanol/water (always 90/10 volumetric ratio unless stated otherwise) was used to conduct the calibration for the UV method with a UV−vis spectrometer (UV−vis).…”

Quality Evaluation of Green and Dark Tea Grade Using Electronic Nose and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

“…Up till now, many analytical techniques have been developed for the analysis of tea quality. For example, capillary zone electrophoresis (Horie & Kohata, ; Wang, Su, Liang, & Sun, ), ultraperformance liquid chromatography (Moradi, Kiarostami, & Amini, ; Park, Kim, & Shin, ), gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (Ma et al., ; Yang et al., ), electronic nose (e‐nose), and so on (Banerjee, Chattopadhyay, Tudu, Bhattacharyya, & Bandyopadhyay, ; Wang et al., ; Zhu, Chen, Wang, Niu, & Xiao, ) are widely used in tea quality assessment. Owing to the rapid development of instrumental techniques, component analysis for aroma differences among various teas are becoming less time consuming and laborious (Choudhury, Yabansu, Kalidindi, & Dennstedt, ; Cliff, Law, Luecker, Scaman, & Kermode, ; Marguí & Voutchkov, ).…”