“…To date, water monitor sensors have been developed for detecting organophosphate and carbamate pesticides (Hossain et al, 2009a), various metals (Hossain and Brennan, 2011;Apilux et al, 2010Apilux et al, , 2012Aragay et al, 2012;Nie et al, 2010;Ratnarathorn et al, 2012), coliform bacteria and phenolic compounds (Alkasir et al, 2012). However, one area where mPAD testing technology is lacking is the existence of simple, quantitative on-site analysis methods that can be performed at low cost by untrained personnel.…”