Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Lung Cancer Biomarker Using Nanoporous Biosensor Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Coupled with Interferometry

Abstract

We propose a nanobiosensor to evaluate a lung cancer-specific biomarker. The nanobiosensor is based on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) chip and functions on the principles of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and interferometry. The poredepth of the fabricated nanoporous AAO chip was 1 m and was obtained using a two-step electrochemical anodization process. The sensor chip is sensitive to the refractive index (RI) changes of the surrounding medium and also provides simple and labelfree detection when specific antibodies are immobilized on the gold-deposited surface of the AAO chip. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the sensor, the antibodies were immobilized on the surface of the AAO chip, and the lung cancer-specific biomarker was applied atop of the immobilized-antibody layer using the self-assembled monolayer method. The nanoporous AAO chip was used as a sensor system to detect serum amyloid A1, which is a lung cancer-specific biomarker. The specific reaction of the antigenantibody contributes to the change in the RI. This in turn causes a shift in the resonance spectrum in the refractive interference pattern. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 100 ag/mL and the biosensor had high sensitivity over a wide concentration range.

On the Challenges for the Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Based on a Review of Current Methodologies

“…Plasmonic effects have been exploited for biosensing with various principles of detection (for a focused review, see ref ), including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) − and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). − LSPR, in particular, is promising owing to the enhanced electromagnetic field in the neighborhood of the nanostructures, which imparts higher sensitivity as demonstrated in LFD assays where the colorimetric signal of gold nanoparticles was amplified upon laser excitation. Another advantage is the possibility of using laser-reader systems with the standard LFDs architecture and operation mode .…”

Plasmonic Biosensors for the Detection of Lung Cancer Biomarkers: A Review

“…Due to its unique set of chemicals, optical, mechanical, and electrical properties, anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) has been selected as a sensing platform for the detection of lung cancer biomarker serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) using a nanoporous biosensor based on LSPR. After fabrication of the AAO chip with different nanopore diameters, a gold layer was deposited on the nanostructure in order to induce LSPR and facilitate immobilisation of the antibodies [95]. The response of the biosensor based on 15 nm and 95 nm pore diameters is shown in Figure 10C.…”

Infection-Mediated Clinical Biomarkers for a COVID-19 Electrical Biosensing Platform

“…In recent years, many CRP-related electrical biosensors have been reported for the diagnosis of various diseases and compared with SAA biosensors. In 2015, an optical biosensor utilizing the surface plasmon resonance technique was reported for SAA detection [ 58 ]. However, no electrochemical or electronic biosensor for sensing SAA has been reported, and thus, the room for exploring this domain remains open.…”