Rapid Determination of Saffron Grade and Adulteration by Thin-Layer Chromatography Coupled with Raman Spectroscopy

Dai, Haochen; Gao, Qixiang; He, Lili

doi:10.1007/s12161-020-01828-x

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The study found twenty adulterated samples with magenta and pink dyes, which are rarely found adulterants in this type of spice (Bhooma et al, 2020). Dai et al (2020) developed a fast screening and quantification method based on TLC combined with Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of saffron Desarrollo de un modelo de identificación de adulterantes para control de calidad en ajo en polvo samples and the identification of colorants and adulterants that are not reported in the label. TLC was used to discriminate pure and adulterated samples and their level of adulteration, while Raman spectroscopy through PLS analysis was used to identify the adulterant.…”

Section: Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between amylopectin internal molecular structure and physicochemical properties of starch

Zhu

2018

Trends in Food Science & Technology

177

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Section: Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between amylopectin internal molecular structure and physicochemical properties of starch

Zhu

2018

Trends in Food Science & Technology

177

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“…The accurate identification of herbal raw materials is very important for quality control and traceability followed by the determination of active components [31,32]. The use of saffron as a medicinal component obliges manufacturers to carry out quality control to exclude the possibility of adulteration or poor quality of the raw materials [33]. The modern analytical high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has recently been increasingly used in the quality control analysis of herbal medicines with reproducible results [34,35].…”

Section: Hptlc Fingerprinting Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Isolation of Picrocrocin and Crocins from Saffron: From HPTLC to Working Standard Obtaining

et al. 2022

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Saffron is widely cultivated and used as a spice. Recently published data on the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of saffron determine its use in pharmacy and medicine. The proposed high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method allows good separation of 11 analytes. The saffron quality (Iran, Ukraine, Spain, Morocco samples) assessment was based on the European Pharmacopoeia monograph and ISO 3632. The HPTLC method for the safranal, crocin, and picrocrocin quantification was proposed and validated. The crocins content in Ukrainian saffron was from 17.80% to 33.25%. Based on qualitative and quantitative assessment results, the saffron sample from Zaporizhzhia (Ukraine) had the highest compounds content and was chosen to obtain the working standards of picrocrocin and crocins (trans-4GG, trans-2G, trans-3Gg) by preparative chromatography. The compounds were isolated from lyophilized extract of saffron using a Symmetry Prep C18 column (300 × 19 mm × 7 µm), and identified by spectroscopic techniques (HPLC-DAD, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The purity of crocins and picrocrocin was more than 97%. A novel method proposed to obtain working standards is simple and reproducible for the routine analysis of saffron quality control.

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“…Nevertheless, it has been reported that this analytical protocol may not be able to detect amounts of safflower or turmeric lower than 20 wt% [19], as well as other kinds of adulterants in low concentration [20]. Further reported studies explored the application of alternative analytical methods to ascertain the presence of contaminants in saffron under the threshold value of 20% through the use of MALDI mass spectrometry [21], diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy [22], Raman spectroscopy [23], and electronic nose [24]. In this context, NMR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis has been reported as a suitable approach for the quality assessment and authentication of this precious spice, being able to detect a wide range of adulterants, from synthetic dyes to herbal materials [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Targeted NMR Method to Assess the Authenticity of Saffron and Trace the Agronomic Practices Applied for Its Production

et al. 2022

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The development of analytical methods aimed at tracing agri-food products and assessing their authenticity is essential to protect food commercial value and human health. An NMR-based non-targeted method is applied here to establish the authenticity of saffron samples. Specifically, 40 authentic saffron samples were compared with 18 samples intentionally adulterated by using turmeric and safflower at three different concentration levels, i.e., 5, 10, and 20 wt%. Statistical processing of NMR data furnished useful information about the main biomarkers contained in aqueous and dimethyl sulfoxide extracts, which are indicative of the presence of adulterants within the analyzed matrix. Furthermore, a discrimination model was developed capable of revealing the type of agronomic practice adopted during the production of this precious spice, distinguishing between organic and conventional cultivation. The main objective of this work was to provide the scientific community involved in the quality control of agri-food products with an analytical methodology able to extract useful information quickly and reliably for traceability and authenticity purposes. The proposed methodology turned out to be sensitive to minor variations in the metabolic composition of saffron that occur in the presence of the two adulterants studied. Both adulterants can be detected in aqueous extracts at a concentration of 5 wt%. A lower limit of detection was observed for safflower contained in organic extracts in which case the lowest detectable concentration was 20%.

show abstract

Rapid Determination of Saffron Grade and Adulteration by Thin-Layer Chromatography Coupled with Raman Spectroscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Relationships between amylopectin internal molecular structure and physicochemical properties of starch

Relationships between amylopectin internal molecular structure and physicochemical properties of starch

Effective Isolation of Picrocrocin and Crocins from Saffron: From HPTLC to Working Standard Obtaining

Non-Targeted NMR Method to Assess the Authenticity of Saffron and Trace the Agronomic Practices Applied for Its Production

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