Rapid growth of micron-sized graphene flakes using in-liquid plasma employing iron phthalocyanine-added ethanol

Amano, Tomoki; Kondo, Hiroki; Ishikawa, Kenji; Tsutsumi, Takayoshi; Takeda, Keigo; Hiramatsu, Mineo; Sekine, Makoto; Hori, Masaru

doi:10.7567/apex.11.015102

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…reported the synthesis of carbon nanospheres using a submerged type in‐liquid plasma employing benzene . The second type features electrodes placed across the liquid surface, i. e., a gas‐liquid geometry . The gas‐liquid geometry type can be further divided based on two types of plasma‐generating region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrolyte behaves like an electrode due to its conductivity. The gas‐phase plasma filaments reach the electrode placed in the liquid phase . Since the bubbles are naturally generated by the plasma ignition, no bubble generation system is necessary, which is an advantage of the in‐liquid process involving both liquid and gas phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanomaterials can be synthesized by in‐liquid plasma generated between electrodes arranged in the gas phase and liquid phase . For the synthesis of carbon materials, liquid substances consisting of several carbon atoms are used as sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma generated in the liquid phase, i. e., in-liquid plasma, has great potential for a wide range of applications, such as water purification [1][2][3][4][5] and material synthesis. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Low-cost, high-quality materials have increasingly become more important for solving environmental concerns with clean water, energy production, [20][21][22][23][24] and so on. In in-liquid plasma processes, the plasma treatments are carried out in an environment surrounded by liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] The second type features electrodes placed across the liquid surface, i. e., a gas-liquid geometry. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The gas-liquid geometry type can be further divided based on two types of plasma-generating region. When an electrolyte is used, plasma is generated between the electrodes in the gas phase and liquid surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In‐Liquid Plasma Synthesis of Nanographene with a Mixture of Methanol and 1‐Butanol

et al. 2020

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Nanometer‐size graphene sheets (nanographene) were synthesized by the in‐liquid plasma method employing a mixture of alcohols. Pure methanol in‐liquid plasma was found to not synthesize any nanographene. Pure ethanol synthesized nanographene with high crystallinity. Highly crystalline nanographene with a narrow full width‐half maximum of the Raman scattering G‐band (FWHMG) was obtained by mixing 1‐butanol with methanol. This is due to the formation of carbon ring structures being inhibited by the addition of methanol. The ratio of added methanol determined the nanographene crystallinity and yield under a trade‐off relationship, allowing the crystallinity and nanographene yield to be controlled by controlling the ratio. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric analysis of by‐products in the liquids’ supernatant showed that the crystallinity of the synthesized nanographene correlated with the ratio of carbon over oxygen of the alcohol precursors (C/O), i. e., the amount of hydroxyl groups in the liquids, and hence controlling the C/O ratio can be used to control the graphene crystallinity in the in‐liquid plasma synthesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In‐Liquid Plasma Synthesis of Nanographene with a Mixture of Methanol and 1‐Butanol

et al. 2020

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Microplasmas for Advanced Materials and Devices

et al. 2019

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DavideMariotti is a Professor of Plasma Science and Nanoscale Engineering with Ulster University in UK. He has previously worked internationally in Japan and USA and both in academic and industry. His research encompasses the design and development of innovative plasma-based processes to explore new materials opportunities. Concurrently to a strong application focus in photovoltaics and more broadly in energy applications, his research is also strongly driven by scientific discovery. Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov is aProfessor with Queensland University of Technology, Australia, a Founding Leader of the CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, and Academician of the Academy of Europe and the European Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on nanoscale control of energy and matter contributes to the solution of the grand challenge of directing energy and matter at nanoscales, to develop renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies for a sustainable future.is made on synergistic, complementary features of the plasmas that make them a versatile tool in materials-related applications.We therefore examine the recent progress in microplasmabased synthesis of advanced nanomaterials, highlight the key features of microplasmas, and discuss salient examples of Adv.

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In‐liquid plasma synthesis of iron–nitrogen‐doped carbon nanoflakes with high catalytic activity

Kondo

Hamaji

Amano

et al. 2022

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Flake‐shaped carbon nanomaterials with nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) addition, so‐called carbon nanoflakes (CNFLs), were synthesized by the in‐liquid plasma using two different kinds of additive agents, such as hemin and iron (II) phthalocyanine (FePc). According to scanning electron microscopy images and Raman spectra, CNFLs with a size of at least 100 nm order were formed regardless of types of additive agents, and crystallinity of six‐membered ring structures was improved as additive agents increased. Photoelectron spectra showed that pyridinic N contents increased from 1.05% to 2.02% with increasing FePc, while those decreased from 0.34% to 0.14% with hemin. In the oxygen reduction reaction, onset potential values also increased from 0.71 to 0.79 eV with increasing FePc, while those decreased from 0.60 to 0.47 eV with hemin. These results suggested that the catalytic activity of CNFLs was effectively improved by the increase of pyridinic N by the in‐liquid plasma synthesis with FePc. In contrast, the electron transfer numbers reached 3.81 when hemin increased, although those were less than 2.88 in the cases using FePc. These results mean that the in‐liquid plasma synthesis method of CNFLs using FePc has the potential to further improve its catalytic activity.

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Rapid growth of micron-sized graphene flakes using in-liquid plasma employing iron phthalocyanine-added ethanol

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

In‐Liquid Plasma Synthesis of Nanographene with a Mixture of Methanol and 1‐Butanol

In‐Liquid Plasma Synthesis of Nanographene with a Mixture of Methanol and 1‐Butanol

Microplasmas for Advanced Materials and Devices

In‐liquid plasma synthesis of iron–nitrogen‐doped carbon nanoflakes with high catalytic activity

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