Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling Techniques for the Manufacturing of Silicon, Polymer, Metal and Ceramic Microdevices

Piezoelectric ceramics are currently of considerable interest for their capabilities of converting compressive/tensile stresses to an electric charge, or vice versa. Because ceramics cannot be cast and machined easily, additive manufacturing (AM) processes (3D printing technology) open an effective pathway in geometrical flexibility. However, the piezoelectric properties limit the application of printed ceramics. This work demonstrates that a piezoelectric-composite slurry with BaTiO 3 nanoparticles (100nm) can be 3D printed using Mask-Image-Projection-based Stereolithography (MIP-SL) technology. After a post-process, the density of 5.64g/cm 3 was obtained, which corresponds to 93.7% of the density of bulk BaTiO 3 (6.02 g/cm 3 ). The printed 1 Zeyu Chen and Xuan Song contribute equally to this paper 2 ceramic exhibits a piezoelectric constant and relative permittivity of 160 pCN -1 and 1350respectively. An ultrasonic transducer with printing focused piezoelectric element was fabricated to realize the energy focusing and ultrasonic sensing. A 6.28MHz ultrasonic scan was achieved by the transducer and successfully visualized the structure of a porcine eyeball.

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“…Consequently, after sintering，the density of sintered part is low. [24,25] This leads to unsatisfactory piezoelectric properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

3D printing of piezoelectric element for energy focusing and ultrasonic sensing

et al. 2016

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“…The model is built in layers by scanning and curing the surface of the liquid photopolymer with lasers which have UV output. Initially, He-Cd (325 nm) or Ar Ion lasers (351 nm) were used but developments in the last 10 years in laser technology and since the evolution from RP to RM, diode-pumped, solid-state, Q-switched lasers are increasingly being used, typically emitting at 355 nm with output powers from 0.5 to 2 W and a pulse-width in the 10-30 ns range [39][40][41]. First the contours are scanned corresponding to the cross-section, then scanning of a hatch pattern fills in the rest.…”

Section: Liquid Based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, these are acrylic or epoxy photopolymers; however, unsaturated polyesters or urethanes or hybrid systems consisting of a combination of the two, can be used [41]. Somos ® 7110 and Renshape ™ 5260 were identified to contain epoxy and acrylic functional groups, aromatics and aliphatic ether groups [42], Flex SL was identified as a polyether (meth)acrylate-based resin [43], and Accura ® SI40 is an epoxy photopolymer resin specifically designed for rapid manufacturing rather than prototyping, with properties considered to be closer to traditional engineering plastics [44].…”

Section: Renshapementioning

confidence: 99%

Preserving rapid prototypes: a review

et al. 2016

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Rapid Prototyping (RP) has revolutionized the world of manufacturing. It has gained popularity among designers and artists, having developed from a visualization tool to a manufacturing tool for end-use products. Rapid-prototyped objects are being accessed by museums and the technology is being adopted for conservation applications. The review identifies the current most commonly used polymer based RP technologies and materials that are likely to enter museum collections, and formulates informed research topics related to their conservation. A knowledge exchange project was conducted with artists and designers using the technology via an online survey and interviews. The main technologies and materials used by artists and designers were identified and investigated including research that has been done into the stability of RP manufactured objects. Since these may be uniquely postprocessed by artists and designers, RP objects are often irreplaceable, i.e. cannot simply be reprinted. The evolution from rapid prototyping (RP) to additive manufacturing (AM) has resulted in extensive research into the mechanical properties and short-term stability of prototypes. However, very little research has been conducted into RP from the conservation perspective particularly long-term stability studies. Since RP technology is rapidly developing, it is crucial that conservators and scientists follow and inform these developments.

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“…The micro parts are built in a point-by-point and line-by-line fashion (Hanemann et al, 2006). In a vector-by-vector micro-SLA system, similar to regular SLA discussed in Section 14.3.1, the laser beam is deflected by galvanometer-driven mirrors.…”

Section: Micro-manufacturing Rp Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%