Rapid Response Research - SARS Coronavirus Vaccines and Application of Processes to Other Emerging Infectious Diseases

See, Raymond H.; Roper, Rachel L.; Brunham, Robert C.; Finlay, B. Brett

doi:10.2174/1573395054065106

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…The quest for a SARS vaccine manifested itself intensively after the outbreak. During the past years, several strategies against SARS were suggested as vaccines against SARS, including inactivated SARS-CoV, viral vectors such as adenovirus, vaccinia or rhabdovirus, recombinant SARS-CoV proteins, and DNA-based vaccines (reviewed by See et al [39]). The surface glycoprotein S was employed as a primary target for prophylactic vaccine candidates to induce virus neutralising antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses against SARS coronavirus by recombinant measles viruses

Liniger¹,

Zuniga²,

Tamin

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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Live attenuated recombinant measles viruses (rMV) expressing a codon-optimised spike glycoprotein (S) or nucleocapsid protein (N) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were generated (rMV-S and rMV-N). Both recombinant viruses stably expressed the corresponding SARS-CoV proteins, grew to similar end titres as the parental strain and induced high antibody titres against MV and the vectored SARS-CoV antigens (S and N) in transgenic mice susceptible to measles infection. The antibodies induced by rMV-S had a high neutralising effect on SARS-CoV as well as on MV. Moreover, significant N-specific cellular immune responses were measured by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays. The pre-existence of anti-MV antibodies induced by the initial immunisation dose did not inhibit boost of anti-S and anti-N antibodies. Immunisations comprising a mixture of rMV-S and rMV-N induced immune responses similar in magnitude to that of vaccine components administered separately. These data support the suitability of MV as a bivalent candidate vaccine vector against MV and emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses against SARS coronavirus by recombinant measles viruses

Liniger¹,

Zuniga²,

Tamin

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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“…Several strategies may be considered for vaccination against SARS-CoV, including a whole killed virus (WKV) vaccine, a live attenuated SARS-CoV vaccine, a viral vector such as adenovirus (Ad) or vaccinia virus expressing SARS-CoV genes, recombinant SARS-CoV proteins or DNA vaccines (See et al, 2005). Live attenuated CoVs, killed CoVs, DNA vaccines and viral-vectored vaccines have all been used to successfully vaccinate against animal CoVs (Cavanagh, 2003;Holmes, 2003;Navas-Martin & Weiss, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Live attenuated CoVs, killed CoVs, DNA vaccines and viral-vectored vaccines have all been used to successfully vaccinate against animal CoVs (Cavanagh, 2003;Holmes, 2003;Navas-Martin & Weiss, 2004). Spike (S) protein has been shown to be involved in CoV pathogenesis and several groups have developed SARS vaccines based on the SARS-CoV S protein as a target (See et al, 2005). A DNA-based vaccine (Yang et al, 2004), a modified Ankara vaccinia virus (Bisht et al, 2004) and a recombinant attenuated parainfluenza virus have been shown to induce neutralizing antibodies and reduce pulmonary SARS-CoV replication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine efficacy in ferrets: whole killed virus and adenovirus-vectored vaccines

See

Petric

Lawrence

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Although the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak was controlled, repeated transmission of SARS coronavirus (CoV) over several years makes the development of a SARS vaccine desirable. We performed a comparative evaluation of two SARS vaccines for their ability to protect against live SARS-CoV intranasal challenge in ferrets. Both the whole killed SARS-CoV vaccine (with and without alum) and adenovirus-based vectors encoding the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein induced neutralizing antibody responses and reduced viral replication and shedding in the upper respiratory tract and progression of virus to the lower respiratory tract. The vaccines also diminished haemorrhage in the thymus and reduced the severity and extent of pneumonia and damage to lung epithelium. However, despite high neutralizing antibody titres, protection was incomplete for all vaccine preparations and administration routes. Our data suggest that a combination of vaccine strategies may be required for effective protection from this pathogen. The ferret may be a good model for SARS-CoV infection because it is the only model that replicates the fever seen in human patients, as well as replicating other SARS disease features including infection by the respiratory route, clinical signs, viral replication in upper and lower respiratory tract and lung damage. INTRODUCTIONSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused 8098 reported cases and 774 deaths in 26 countries (WHO, 2004a) in a single autumn-to-spring period from 2002 to 2003, and had significant effects on the global economy. Serological evidence suggests zoonotic transmission of SARS coronavirus (CoV) into the human population for several years before this outbreak (Zheng et al., 2004); transmission to humans has continued, resulting in at least four independent non-laboratory associated cases in (Che et al., 2006Fleck, 2004; Guan et al., 2005; WHO, 2004b). The aetiological agent of SARS has been identified as a novel human CoV by sequencing of its genome (Marra et al., 2003;Rota et al., 2003) and by experimental infection of macaques to fulfil Koch's postulates (Fouchier et al., 2003). It is of particular concern as a zoonosis because it can replicate in a large number of animals including cats, pigs, ferrets, foxes, monkeys and rats (Chen et al., 2005; et al., 1996;Olsen, 1993). Although antibodies to CoV N proteins have no virus-neutralizing activity, there is evidence that the protein may provide protection in vivo by induction of cell-mediated immunity, although it has also been suggested to induce eosinophilic infiltrates resulting in immunopathology (Deming et al., 2006;Enjuanes et al., 1995; Stohlman et al., 1995;Wesseling et al., 1993). N protein has been shown to generate CoV-specific CD8 + T cells (Boots et al., 1991;Seo et al., 1997; Stohlman et al., 1993 Stohlman et al., , 1995; it also provides protection in animals in response to infection by animal CoV (Collisson et al., 2000;Seo et al., 1997). In addition, vaccination with SARS N protein decre...

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“…Several potential strategies can be considered for vaccination against SARS-CoV, including a whole killed virus (WKV) vaccine, a live-attenuated SARS-CoV vaccine, a viral vector such as adenovirus or Vaccinia virus expressing SARS-CoV genes, recombinant SARS-CoV proteins and DNA-based vaccines (reviewed by See et al, 2005). In this report, two SARS vaccine approaches were developed in parallel and evaluated for their efficacy in a murine SARS model by the SARS Accelerated Vaccine Initiative described elsewhere (Finlay et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of two severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine candidates in mice challenged with SARS coronavirus

See

Zakhartchouk

Petric

et al. 2006

Journal of General Virology

154

164

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Two different severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine strategies were evaluated for their ability to protect against live SARS coronavirus (CoV) challenge in a murine model of infection. A whole killed (inactivated by b-propiolactone) SARS-CoV vaccine and a combination of two adenovirus-based vectors, one expressing the nucleocapsid (N) and the other expressing the spike (S) protein (collectively designated Ad S/N), were evaluated for the induction of serum neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses and their ability to protect against pulmonary SARS-CoV replication. The whole killed virus (WKV) vaccine given subcutaneously to 129S6/SvEv mice was more effective than the Ad S/N vaccine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly in inhibiting SARS-CoV replication in the murine respiratory tract. This protective ability of the WKV vaccine correlated with the induction of high serum neutralizing-antibody titres, but not with cellular immune responses as measured by gamma interferon secretion by mouse splenocytes. Titres of serum neutralizing antibodies induced by the Ad S/N vaccine administered intranasally or intramuscularly were significantly lower than those induced by the WKV vaccine. However, Ad S/N administered intranasally, but not intramuscularly, significantly limited SARS-CoV replication in the lungs. Among the vaccine groups, SARS-CoV-specific IgA was found only in the sera of mice immunized intranasally with Ad S/N, suggesting that mucosal immunity may play a role in protection for the intranasal Ad S/N delivery system. Finally, the sera of vaccinated mice contained antibodies to S, further suggesting a role for this protein in conferring protective immunity against SARS-CoV infection. (Marra et al., 2003;Rota et al., 2003) and by experimental infection of macaques to fulfil Koch's postulates . 0008-1579 G 2006 SGM Printed in Great BritainCurrently, there is no effective treatment for SARS. Prevention through contact-reduction or transmission-blocking measures has been the only means available to modify the devastating impact of this illness. Prevention through vaccination would be an attractive alternative that is less reliant on individual case detection to be effective. No vaccines are currently licensed for any of the human CoVs, but effective vaccines have been produced for some animal CoVs, such as certain strains of Infectious bronchitis virus (poultry), Bovine coronavirus and Canine coronavirus (Cavanagh, 2003;Enjuanes et al., 1995;Pratelli et al., 2003;Saif, 2004;Takamura et al., 2002). Individuals convalescing from SARS develop high titres of neutralizing antibodies (Tan et al., 2004) and the appearance of antibodies coincides with the onset of resolution of SARS pneumonia Woo et al., 2004). Thus, there is some optimism that an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV may also be possible.Coronavirus spike (S) proteins have long been known to be a major determinant in coronavirus pathogenesis, given that this viral protein interacts with cellular receptors as well as con...

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Rapid Response Research - SARS Coronavirus Vaccines and Application of Processes to Other Emerging Infectious Diseases

Cited by 11 publications

References 111 publications

Induction of neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses against SARS coronavirus by recombinant measles viruses

Induction of neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses against SARS coronavirus by recombinant measles viruses

Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine efficacy in ferrets: whole killed virus and adenovirus-vectored vaccines

Comparative evaluation of two severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine candidates in mice challenged with SARS coronavirus

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