Rare earth elements in parasol mushroom Macrolepiota procera

Rare earth elements concentration in mushroom cultivation substrates affects the production process and fruit‐bodies content of Pleurotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea

“…38 This expanding use of REEs in various fields of human activity could progressively affect their occurrence in living organisms with unknown long-term repercussions. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that REE concentration values found in C. cylindracea and P. ostreatus mushrooms (in this study) are quite similar to those previously reported from measurements on wild mushrooms, [12][13][14]39 and differ only when compared to samples collected alongside a heavily trafficked road in Poland (where much higher values were observed for most elements). 39 Correlations between REEs in mushrooms showed great variation (r = 0.701-0.980 in P. ostreatus, and r = 0.056-1.000 in C. cylindracea); in contrast, correlations between cultivation substrates were statistically significant for all metals.…”

“…The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of REEs were calculated to be in the range of 0.034–0.098 µg kg −1 day −1 for C. cylindracea and of 0.046–0.081 µg kg −1 day −1 for P. ostreatus, indicating that consumption of cultivated mushrooms, even on substrates with a high content of REEs (e.g., PN), leads to an uptake of these metals at far lower concentrations than those reported to be potentially harmful for human health. Similarly, in 26 species of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic mushrooms collected from unpolluted areas of Czech Republic, the maximum REE concentration – although much higher than those reported in the present study – still corresponded to very low EDIs (0.365 and 0.487 kg −1 day −1 respectively) . The highest EDI values reported so far in wild mushrooms were recorded in Poland, where the respective values ranged from 0.295 µg kg −1 day −1 in Piptoporus betulinus to 2.515 µg kg −1 day −1 in Suillus luteus .…”

“…the present study -still corresponded to very low EDIs (0.365 and 0.487 kg −1 day −1 respectively). 12 The highest EDI values reported so far in wild mushrooms were recorded in Poland, where the respective values ranged from 0.295 μg kg −1 day −1 in Piptoporus betulinus to 2.515 μg kg −1 day −1 in Suillus luteus. 39 On the other hand, the outcome of recent studies on a wide range of cultivated mushrooms [15][16][17][18] evidenced much higher concentrations for certain REEs (especially Nd), and therefore this type of food could be considered as a significant dietary source of such elements.…”

Analysis of some metallic elements and metalloids composition and relationships in parasol mushroom Macrolepiota procera

“…A possible relationship between 48 metallic elements (including data on rare earth elements) (Falandysz et al 2017b) and metalloids accumulated in caps and whole fruiting bodies by fungus M. procera collected at 16 spatially distributed places in the northern and central regions of Poland has been examined using the principal component (PC) analysis (Wyrzykowska et al 2001). In this multivariate approach, the results from examination of possible 48 × 16 data matrix are summarised in Table 2 (results for 48 × 13 data matrix obtained separately for caps are not shown).…”

A screening study of elemental composition in 12 marketable mushroom species accessible in Poland

“…Numerous studies have addressed the chemical composition of wild species, including recently reported values of PGEs and REEs [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Cultivated specimens have usually been analyzed with respect to the content of some elements in selected mushroom species only [23][24][25][26], in general, those important to trade.…”