Rare migrants suffice to maintain high genetic diversity in an introduced island population of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): Evidence from molecular data and simulations

Steinbach, Peter; Heddergott, Mike; Weigand, Hannah; Weigand, Alexander; Wilwert, Elodie; Stubbe, Michael; Helm, Bernd; Campbell, Robert E.; Stubbe, Annegret; Frantz, Alain C.

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2017.11.009

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is possible that this pattern reflects a combination of both natural (historical) and anthropogenic processes with differentiation according to distance. Taken together, the data suggest that central populations have been expanding south, north, and north-east, forming founder populations and thereafter meeting and reproducing with previously existing small residual groups (colonies) of roe deer there, which maintains relatively high genetic diversity in these areas despite obvious population differentiation (see also [86]). It is also possible that habitat fragmentation in more urbanized and for roe deer less suitable coastal habitats contributed to the higher F ST values found within this area.…”

Section: Genetic Differentiation Among Slovene Roe Deer Populationsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…As far as historical data are concerned, roe deer populations which experienced genetic bottlenecks in the southern and northern (north-eastern) regions nevertheless retained a considerable amount of nuclear genetic diversity. This can be attributed to the ability of roe deer to expand very rapidly, thereby minimizing loss through genetic drift [85], but it is also due to the fact that in this species even a small number of founders and limited natural immigration would maintain high genetic diversity despite population differentiation [86]. Additionally, roe deer can recover rapidly in demographic terms, as the species is known to be ecologically adaptable and able to use a newly available habitat quickly [87].…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Of Roe Deer In Sloveniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Insights into the Population Genetic Structure and Heterozygosity–Fitness Relationship in Roe Deer Inhabiting the Area between the Alps and Dinaric Mountains

Bužan

Gerič

Potušek

et al. 2020

Animals

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Across its pan-European distribution, the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) faces a wide diversity of environmental and climatic conditions; therefore, several factors, including intrinsic ones, shape life-history traits and cause significant variability in parameters of fitness. By utilizing microsatellite variations in 214 roe deer females collected throughout Slovenia, Central Europe, we determined the genetic variability and population structure of this species in the contact zone between the Alps and the Dinaric Mountains, i.e., over a wider area where data on the genetic outlook for this—the most common and widespread European wild ungulate—have been completely lacking so far. Throughout the country, we found moderate microsatellite diversity (Ho = 0.57–0.65) in relation to the observed heterozygosity reported for other roe deer populations in Europe. Spatial differences in genetic diversity of the species in Slovenia can be explained by population history linked to varying approaches to population management and/or different connectivity among subpopulations in topographically differentiated habitats. A country-wide pattern of genetic structure is clearly defined by separation of the populations into three groups present in the following regions: (i) Southern sub-Mediterranean and Karst regions, (ii) Central Slovenia, and (iii) the Sub-Pannonian Region in the north-east. This is also confirmed by evidencing a moderate isolation by distance, especially by separating southern samples (coastal Slovenia) from others. Levels of genetic differentiation vary among populations, which can be explained by the effect of natural geographical barriers or the presence of anthropogenic barriers such as urban areas and highways. In the subset of 172 yearling females, we analyzed the influence of genetic advantage (individual heterozygosity) and other genetic data (reflected in the structuring of the population) on body mass and reproductive ability. We found evidence that genetic factors influence the body mass of roe deer yearling females (explaining altogether 18.8% of body mass variance), and the level of individual heterozygosity alone also positively affected body mass, which is in accordance with the theory that heterozygosity is commonly positively correlated with fitness in wild populations. However, we did not uncover any effect of heterozygosity on two parameters of reproductive ability (fertility and potential reproductive outcome), indicating that several other factors, especially environmental ones, have a predominant effect on the parameters of fitness in roe deer.

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Section: Genetic Differentiation Among Slovene Roe Deer Populationsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Genetic Diversity Of Roe Deer In Sloveniamentioning

confidence: 99%

First Insights into the Population Genetic Structure and Heterozygosity–Fitness Relationship in Roe Deer Inhabiting the Area between the Alps and Dinaric Mountains

Bužan

Gerič

Potušek

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Various natural and anthropogenic factors may contribute to the lack of a clear population structure. The natural dispersal of individuals would be sufficient for sustaining the gene flow between populations, thus blurring the genetic substructure (Kuehn et al 2004;Haanes et al 2010;Fickel et al 2012;Carranza et al 2016;Steinbach et al 2018). A notable part of the individuals analysed, 11.6% (35/303), were assigned to populations adjacent to their geographical origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blurred structuring could also be explained by humaninduced translocations, as such activities are thought to have concerned important game species for centuries or even millennia (Scandura et al 2011;Zachos and Hartl 2011;Steinbach et al 2018;Queirós et al 2020). It is believed that the present gene pool of many European red deer populations is affected by human-induced translocations (Frantz et al 2006;Carden et al 2012;Krojerová-Prokešová et al 2015;Stanton et al 2016;Galarza et al 2017;Iacolina et al 2019;Queirós et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic traces of dispersal and admixture in red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations from the Carpathian Basin

et al. 2022

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After the last glacial, the Carpathian Basin was repopulated from either eastward or northward colonisation routes for various species; one of these was the emblematic member of the European megafauna, the red deer, Cervus elaphus. We analysed 303 red deer individuals from the middle of the region, in seven Hungarian game reserves, at ten microsatellite loci (C01, C229, T26, T108, T123, T156, T172, T193, T501, T507), to investigate the genetic diversity of these subpopulations. We discovered high levels of genetic diversity of red deer subpopulations; allelic richness values ranging 4.99–7.01, observed heterozygosity 0.729–0.800, polymorphic information content 0.722–0.806, and Shannon’s information index 1.668–2.064. Multi-locus analyses indicated population admixtures of various degrees that corresponded to geographical location, and complex genetic structures were shown by clustering. Populations in the south-western and the north-eastern parts of the region formed two highly separated groups, and the red deer from populations in between them were highly admixed (in western Pannonia/Transdanubia, where the Danube flows into the Carpathian Basin). This pattern corresponds to the distribution of mitochondrial as well as Y-chromosome lineages. Assignment tests showed that a large fraction of individuals (29.4%) are found outside of their population of origin, indicating that the dispersal of red deer is rather common, which could be expected considering the life course of the species.

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“…The use of simulation modelling in landscape genetics is growing, as individual‐based, spatially‐explicit genetic modelling tools have proliferated (e.g., Nemo: Guillaume & Rougemont, ; quantiNemo: Neuenschwander, Michaud, & Goudet, ; SimAdapt: Rebaudo et al, ; MetaPopGen: Andrello & Manel, ; HexSim: Schumaker & Brookes, ). Landscape genetics studies are also increasingly coupling empirical data with simulation designs (e.g., Steinbach et al, ). Because essential model features and simplifying assumptions vary from study to study, the variety of available simulation models is a strength, since these programs focus on different processes and represent environmental heterogeneity in different ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling multilocus selection in an individual‐based, spatially‐explicit landscape genetics framework

Landguth

Forester

Eckert

et al. 2019

Molecular Ecology Resources

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We implemented multilocus selection in a spatially‐explicit, individual‐based framework that enables multivariate environmental gradients to drive selection in many loci as a new module for the landscape genetics programs, CDPOP and CDMetaPOP. Our module simulates multilocus selection using a linear additive model, providing a flexible platform to evaluate a wide range of genotype‐environment associations. Importantly, the module allows simulation of selection in any number of loci under the influence of any number of environmental variables. We validated the module with individual‐based selection simulations under Wright‐Fisher assumptions. We then evaluated results for simulations under a simple landscape selection model. Next, we simulated individual‐based multilocus selection across a complex selection landscape with three loci linked to three different environmental variables. Finally, we demonstrated how the program can be used to simulate multilocus selection under varying selection strengths across different levels of gene flow in a landscape genetics framework. This new module provides a valuable addition to the study of landscape genetics, allowing for explicit evaluation of the contributions and interactions between gene flow and selection‐driven processes across complex, multivariate environmental and landscape conditions.

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Rare migrants suffice to maintain high genetic diversity in an introduced island population of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): Evidence from molecular data and simulations

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

First Insights into the Population Genetic Structure and Heterozygosity–Fitness Relationship in Roe Deer Inhabiting the Area between the Alps and Dinaric Mountains

First Insights into the Population Genetic Structure and Heterozygosity–Fitness Relationship in Roe Deer Inhabiting the Area between the Alps and Dinaric Mountains

Genetic traces of dispersal and admixture in red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations from the Carpathian Basin

Modelling multilocus selection in an individual‐based, spatially‐explicit landscape genetics framework

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