Rate-One Space–Time Block Codes With Full Diversity

Liu, Xian; Liu, Huaping

doi:10.1109/tcomm.2005.860081

Cited by 36 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is important to note that in (13), we approximated the conditional variance of the noise vector W T in (8), which is obtained in (10), with its expected value.…”

Section: Distributed Space-time Codes In Amplify-and-forward Modementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quasi-Orthogonal Design and Performance Analysis of Amplify-And-Forward Relay Networks with Multiple-Antennas

Maham

Hjørungnes

Rajan

2010

2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference

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Abstract-This paper is on the design and performance analysis of practical distributed space-time codes for wireless relay networks with multiple antennas terminals. The amplify-andforward scheme is used in a way that each relay transmits a scaled version of the linear combination of the received symbols. We propose distributed generalized quasi-orthogonal space-time codes which are distributed among the source antennas and relays, and valid for any number of relays. Assuming M -PSK and M -QAM signals, we derive a formula for the symbol error probability of the investigated scheme over Rayleigh fading channels. For sufficiently large SNR, this paper derives closed-form average SER expression. The simplicity of the asymptotic results provides valuable insights into the performance of cooperative networks and suggests means of optimizing them. Our analytical results have been confirmed by simulation results, using full-rate full-diversity distributed codes. I. INTRODUCTIONIn [1], a cooperative strategy was proposed which achieves a diversity factor of R in a R-relay wireless network, using the distributed space-time codes (DSTC). A two-phase protocol is used for this strategy. In phase one, the transmitter sends the information signal to the relays and in phase two, relays send information to the receiver. The signal sent by every relay in the second phase is designed as a linear function of its received signal. It was shown that the relays can generate a linear space-time codeword at the receiver, as in a multiple antenna system, although they only cooperate distributively. This method does not require decoding at the relays and for high SNR it achieves the optimal diversity factor [1]. Recently, the design of practical DSTC in amplify-and-forward (A&F) mode, that lead to reliable communication in wireless relay networks, has been presented in [2] and [3].Distributed space-time coding in A&F mode was generalized to networks with multiple-antenna nodes in [4]. However, design of the appropriate space-time codes is not investigated in [4]. Note that in decode-and-forward (D&F) based spacetime codes, we can simply use the same space-time codes in the context of MIMO in multiple antenna source and relays [5]. Compared with D&F, since no decoding is needed at the relays, A&F DSTC saves both time and energy and more importantly, there is no rate constraint on the transmission.In this paper, we focus on the design of the quasi-orthogonal DSTCs for multiple-antenna terminals with A&F relays, which

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“…It is important to note that in (13), we approximated the conditional variance of the noise vector W T in (8), which is obtained in (10), with its expected value.…”

Section: Distributed Space-time Codes In Amplify-and-forward Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that for quasi-orthogonal spacetime codes to be fully-diverse, some of the information signals need rotation (see e.g., [9]). The optimal constellation rotation for generalized quasi-orthogonal codes of sizes up to 8 × 8 is studied in [10].…”

Section: Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Orthogonal Design and Performance Analysis of Amplify-And-Forward Relay Networks with Multiple-Antennas

Maham

Hjørungnes

Rajan

2010

2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference

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“…Tarokh, Jafarkhani and Calderbank [3] described that for STBC from real orthogonal designs and complex orthogonal designs their rates cannot be greater than one. Recently Liang Xian and Huaping Liu [8] explained that rate one for complex orthogonal design is not reachable for more than two transmit antennas. Weifeng and Xiang-Gen [1] have illustrated that for generalized complex orthogonal designs (square or nonsquare size) without linear processing for more than two transmit antennas the rates cannot be greater than 3/4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Space-Time Block Codes from Real and Complex Orthogonal Designs

Patil¹,

Shinde²

2014

IJCA

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This paper discusses the fundamental concepts behind the real and complex orthogonal designs for space-time block coding used in wireless communication systems. Generalized real orthogonal design and complex orthogonal designs are discussed in this paper. Also a brief survey of existing orthogonal designs for space-time block coding is put forward in this paper. General TermsWireless communication, space-time block coding. KeywordsSpace-time block coding, real orthogonal design, generalized complex orthogonal design.

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“…Among these codes we focus on orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) [6] and quasiorthogonal space-time block codes (QOSTBCs) [7]- [9]. OSTBCs are attractive since they achieve the maximum diversity, the maximum coding gain, and the highest throughput [6] as well as simple MLD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, full-rate OSTBCs do not exist for systems with more than N = 2 transmit antennas [10]. Consequently, QOSTBCs were proposed in which the constraint of orthogonality is relaxed to obtain higher symbol transmission rate [7]- [9]. In general, QOSTBCs do not achieve the full diversity provided by the channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of ML decoding complexity for MIMO Sphere Decoding, QOSTBC, and OSTBC

Azzam

Ayanoğlu

2008

2008 Information Theory and Applications Workshop

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Abstract-In this paper, we discuss three applications of the QR decomposition algorithm to decoding in a number of MultiInput Multi-Output (MIMO) systems. In the first application, we propose a new structure for MIMO Sphere Decoding (SD). We show that the new approach achieves 80% reduction in the overall complexity compared to conventional SD for a 2 × 2 system, and almost 50% reduction for the 4 × 4 and 6 × 6 cases. In the second application, we propose a low complexity Maximum Likelihood Decoding (MLD) algorithm for quasiorthogonal space-time block codes (QOSTBCs). We show that for N = 8 transmit antennas and 16-QAM modulation scheme, the new approach achieves > 97% reduction in the overall complexity compared to conventional MLD, and > 89% reduction compared to the most competitive reported algorithms in the literature. This complexity gain becomes greater when the number of transmit antennas (N ) or the constellation size (L) becomes larger. In the third application, we propose a low complexity Maximum Likelihood Decoding (MLD) algorithm for orthogonal spacetime block codes (OSTBCs) based on the real-valued lattice representation and QR decomposition. For a system employing the well-known Alamouti OSTBC and 16-QAM modulation scheme, the new approach achieves > 87% reduction in the overall complexity compared to conventional MLD. Moreover, we show that for square L-QAM constellations, the proposed algorithm reduces the decoding computational complexity from O(L N/2 ) for conventional MLD to O(L) for systems employing QOSTBCs and from O(L) for conventional MLD to O( √ L) for those employing OSTBCs without sacrificing the performance.

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Rate-One Space–Time Block Codes With Full Diversity

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Quasi-Orthogonal Design and Performance Analysis of Amplify-And-Forward Relay Networks with Multiple-Antennas

Quasi-Orthogonal Design and Performance Analysis of Amplify-And-Forward Relay Networks with Multiple-Antennas

A Review of Space-Time Block Codes from Real and Complex Orthogonal Designs

Reduction of ML decoding complexity for MIMO Sphere Decoding, QOSTBC, and OSTBC

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