“…Thereby, they provide better results than numerical optimization methods [38], especially if the systems are complex. A great variety of design methods are known, for example ray mapping [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], forming surfaces using Cartesian ovals [47], the simultaneous multiple surface method in 2D [48] and 3D [38,49] or the tailored freeform design method proposed by Ries and Muschaweck [50]. Nowadays ray mapping approach, i.e., the combination of energy mapping in conjunction with geometrical surface construction, is in the focus of illumination research [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”