Re‐evaluation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (E 1201) and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (E 1202) as food additives and extension of use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (E 1201)

Abstract

The present opinion deals with the re‐evaluation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (E 1201, PVP) and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (E 1202, PVPP) when used as food additives. One request for extension of use of PVP (E 1201) in foods for special medical purposes was also considered in this assessment. The Panel followed the conceptual framework under Commission Regulation (EU) No 257/2010 and considered that: the exposure assessment was based on the reported use and use levels (one food category out of the two food categories in which PVP and PVPP are authorised); the 95th percentile of exposure to PVP and PVPP of maximally 23.7 and 25 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day in children, respectively, was overestimated, because it was assumed that 100% of the food supplements consumed contained PVP or PVPP at the maximum reported use levels; the extension of use of PVP (E 1201) to foods for special medical purposes (FC 13.2) would result in an exposure of PVP of 4.3 mg/kg bw per day for children; the absorption of PVP and PVPP is very low; sufficient toxicity data were available for PVP; there is no concern with respect to the genotoxicity of PVP and PVPP; no carcinogenic effects were reported in carcinogenicity studies in rats at a dose of 2,500 mg PVP/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested; there is no need for chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity data for PVPP for the safety assessment of PVPP given the chemical similarity between PVP and PVPP, and the lack of adverse effects in the available repeated dose toxicity studies. Therefore, the Panel concluded that there is no need for numerical acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) for PVP and PVPP, and that there is no safety concern for the reported uses and use levels of PVP and PVPP as food additives. The Panel further concluded that the proposed extension of use is not expected to be of safety concern at the proposed maximum permitted level (MPL) and recommended consumption level.

High performance {Nb 5 TaX 12 }@PVP (X = Cl, Br) cluster-based nanocomposites coatings for solar glazing applications

“…PVP is an inert, nontoxic, temperature-resistant, pH-stable, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer that has been widely used for a long time as excipients in pharmaceutical, food or cosmetic applications [ 51 , 52 ]. More recently, it was used as a solid polymer electrolyte in high energy rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, photoelectrochemical and electrochromic displays [ 52–56 ], or as a matrix for tandem solar concentrators coating [ 57–60 ]. Previous works from our group reported the use of PVP for the preparation of functional nanocomposite thin films based on Mo 6 , Nb 6 and Ta 6 metal atom cluster compounds ( Table 1 ) [ 35 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel PVA/PVP Hydrogel Containing Entrapped Hydrogen Peroxide for Agricultural Applications

“…An additional advantage of this hydrogel is that HP decomposes into water and oxygen and leaves no residue. In addition, both PVA and PVP are considered safe materials in food , and agriculture. , Given all of these factors, one can infer that this hydrogel is a promising concept for an efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly pesticide. This work describes a preliminary study concerning the synthesis of new PVA/PVP/HP hydrogels for potential agricultural applications.…”

Construction of Core-Cross-Linked Polymer Micelles with High Biocompatibility and Stability for pH/Reduction Controllable Drug Delivery

“…Researchers have been devoted to designing pH-responsive nanocarriers for improve their specificity and endosomal escape capacity. , Generally, the principle of pH-responsive nanocarriers is using the pH-sensitive bonds or ionizing groups present on the diblock copolymers, whose structures and hydrophilicity will change at specific pH values. − Poly­(2-(diisopropyl­amino­ethyl) methacrylate) (PDPA), as a pH-sensitive polymer, exhibits hydrophobicity in neutral and alkaline environments while exhibiting hydrophilicity due to the protonation of amino groups in acidic environments. − Its pH-dependent hydrophilic–hydrophobic transition makes PDPA suitable to be employed as an antitumor drug carrier. Poly­( N -vinyl­pyrrolidone) (PVP), one of the most important thermoresponsive polymers with low cytotoxicity, is widely used to design nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery. − PVP is hydrophilic due to its structure that easily forms hydrogen bonds and its extreme biocompatibility, , which can be used as a solubilizer or stabilizer in industries that require absolute nontoxicity such as biomedicine, cosmetics, and food . The preparation of copolymer PDPA-PVP is expected to give highly biocompatible and pH-responsive polymer micelles.…”