“…While such specificity is enough for short DNA viruses and bacteria, it is not sufficient to work with large plant genomes. The first efforts to create methods for the editing of complex genomes were associated with the designing of "artificial enzymes" as oligonucleotides (short nucleotide sequences) that could selectively bind to specific sequences in the structure of the target DNA and have chemical groups capable of cleaving DNA (Knorre and Vlasov, 1985). Moreover, many studies have used physical, chemical, or biological (e.g., T-DNA/ transposon insertion) mutagenesis to identify mutants and construct mutant libraries corresponding to tens of thousands of genes in model plants, such as Arabidopsis (Kuromori et al, 2006) and rice (Wu et al, 2003;Yang et al, 2013).…”