Reading Fictional Stories and Winning Delayed Prizes: The Surprising Emotional Impact of Distant Events

Ebert, Jane; Meyvis, Tom

doi:10.1086/677563

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…That is, our findings suggest that consumers do not simply rely relatively more on affective information (versus cognitive information) when making immediate judgments because affect has greater perceived information value. Instead, drawing on research showing systematic mispredictions in affective forecasting (e.g., Buechel et al, 2014; Ebert & Meyvis, 2014), our findings suggest that affective information captures a larger share of consumers' limited attentional resources when making immediate judgments, but less attentional resources when consumers are removed in time from the experience. Indeed, we show that when attention is once again drawn to affective information when consumers are making retrospective evaluations, they once again rely relatively more on this information.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This prediction is consistent with recent research in affective forecasting, which has shown that forecasters (who are more removed from the actual hedonic experience) tend to mispredict affective evaluations of an experience because they incorporate cognitive information that experiencers ignore. For instance, Ebert and Meyvis (2014) examined how information regarding the temporal distance of a hedonic experience (e.g., reading a sad story about an event from the recent or distant past) influenced forecasted versus actual evaluations of emotional intensity. They showed that while forecasters' evaluations of emotional intensity were influenced by the more cognitive distance information, experiencers' evaluations were not.…”

Section: The Influence Of Cognitive and Affective Inputs Across Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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The sleeper framing effect: The influence of frame valence on immediate and retrospective judgments

Isaac

Poor

2015

J Consum Psychol

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Prior research on attribute framing has documented a robust valence‐consistent shift whereby positively valenced options (e.g., 75% lean beef) are preferred over equivalent negatively valenced options (e.g., 25% fat beef). However, this research has typically explored how labels influence judgments of prospective or hypothetical consumption. In contrast, we examine how frames interact with actual consumption experiences to influence both immediate and retrospective judgments. We find evidence of a sleeper framing effect wherein a valence‐consistent shift emerges for retrospective judgments even when absent immediately after consumption. We attribute this effect to differences in how consumers integrate the more cognitive information of the frame with the more affective information acquired during consumption. Specifically, three experiments show that consumers attend to and rely relatively more on affective information from experience when making immediate judgments, but relatively more on cognitive information from the frame when making retrospective judgments. In addition, we identify the valence of the experience as an important boundary condition, such that the sleeper framing effect is most pronounced when the experience is relatively neutral in valence.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: The Influence Of Cognitive and Affective Inputs Across Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The sleeper framing effect: The influence of frame valence on immediate and retrospective judgments

Isaac

Poor

2015

J Consum Psychol

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“…People do not always overestimate in predicting and remembering emotion, however. Recent research reveals underestimation [26][27][28], and accuracy [12,29,30], as well as overestimation [31][32][33]. To account for this variation, Buechel, Zhang, and Morewedge [26] proposed that emotional experiences are more attention absorbing and richly detailed than forecasts.…”

Section: Similar Sources and Patterns Of Bias When Predicting And Remmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias in predicted and remembered emotion

Levine

Lench

Karnaze

et al. 2018

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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Predicting and remembering emotion both rely on the episodic memory system which is constructive and subject to bias. In keeping with the common cognitive processes underlying prospection and retrospection, people show similar strengths and weaknesses when they predict how they will feel in the future and remember how they felt in the past. Recent findings reveal that people predict and remember the intensity of emotion more accurately than their overall or general emotional response, and whether emotion is over-or underestimated depends on how people's attention to, and appraisals about, events change over time. People's phenomenological experience differs markedly when they are predicting versus remembering emotion, however.Phenomenological cues, such as intensity and autonoetic experience, make predicted emotion a more compelling guide for decisions, even when inaccurate. Highlights:• The episodic memory system supports predicting and remembering emotional experience • Similar patterns of accuracy and bias characterize predicted and remembered emotion • Intensity is represented more accurately than overall emotional experience • The direction of bias depends on how attention and event appraisals shift over time • Phenomenological experience differs markedly for predicted and remembered emotion

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“…Further, this study also extends Henkel's () findings by showing that not only does picture taking impair memory for photographed items, but it also reduces enjoyment of otherwise highly enjoyable experiences. Interestingly, although some prior work has found that interruptions may increase enjoyment by reducing hedonic adaptation (Nelson, Meyvis, & Galak, , but see Ebert & Meyvis, ), and although one could classify photography as an interruption of sorts, the results suggest that the distraction caused by taking pictures results in a net loss of enjoyment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

How and when taking pictures undermines the enjoyment of experiences

Nardini

Lutz

LeBoeuf

2019

Psychology and Marketing

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The consumption of experiences (as opposed to products) has seen an increasing amount of research attention in recent years. A key aspect of the experiential consumption journey is how the experience is consumed. For instance, people almost invariably take pictures during highly enjoyable experiences such as vacations or important family events. Although past research has suggested that taking pictures may enhance the enjoyment of moderately enjoyable experiences, the effect of picture taking on the real‐time enjoyment of highly enjoyable experiences is not clear. To address this matter, the authors investigate whether taking pictures affects consumers’ enjoyment of highly enjoyable hedonic experiences. A series of laboratory studies demonstrate that taking pictures (compared with not taking pictures) can decrease enjoyment of highly enjoyable experiences. This study suggests that, by constantly striving to document their experiences, consumers may unwittingly fail to enjoy those experiences to the fullest. These results have implications for how firms may best stage experiential offerings to enhance their customers’ experiences.

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Reading Fictional Stories and Winning Delayed Prizes: The Surprising Emotional Impact of Distant Events

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

The sleeper framing effect: The influence of frame valence on immediate and retrospective judgments

The sleeper framing effect: The influence of frame valence on immediate and retrospective judgments

Bias in predicted and remembered emotion

How and when taking pictures undermines the enjoyment of experiences

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