Real-time capable transient model of liquid water dynamics in proton exchange membrane Fuel Cells

All sprayed fluorine-free membrane electrode assembly for low-platinum and low-humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells

“…Effect of humidity on the performance of the MEA Water management in the MEAs is a crucial issue that affects the performance of PEMFCs. 23,24 In addition, the high dependence of PFSA-based PEMs on humidity further complicated the water management. 25 Therefore, reducing the dependence of MEAs on humidity has signicant practical meaning for increasing the overall performances of PEMFCs.…”

Hybrid Methodology for Parametrisation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model for Diagnostics and Control Applications

“…Furthermore, it opens the possibility to significantly reduce necessary hybrid DoE in both domains to achieve sufficiently well determined model's parameters. Moreover, coupling and interconnecting of the twin models is also performed with aforementioned insertion of spatially resolved steady state solutions obtained with spatially and temporally resolved time domain model 8 into the frequency domain model, which enables unprecedented precision in determination of internal states around which perturbation for EIS is being applied.…”

“…This motivates the use of computationally fast electrochemical models with reduced dimensionality, which have better extrapolation capabilities and a higher degree of predictive power due to their mechanistic basis. [6][7][8][9][10] To make an advance in the field of computationally fast electrochemical models for observer applications, a thermodynamically consistent 0D electrochemical model for time-domain simulation of PEMFCs has recently been developed by the authors. 7 The model exhibits very good extrapolation capabilities for operating points outside the calibrated variation space of the parameters and, as analysed in 7 outperforms other state-of-the-art models (SOTA) in this respect.…”

“…Both properties are a direct consequence of the model's physicochemically consistent modelling basis, which allows for a computationally less demanding calibration procedure. The aforementioned modelling basis is extended in a recent work 8 to include a physically motivated two-phase model of the PEMFC at the system level, which enables a consistent treatment of the liquid water dynamics at the system level and at the same time exhibiting real-time readiness.…”

“…Furthermore, despite very long-term research in EIS modelling, physico-chemically consistent models have not yet been developed that contain parameters with a clear physical meaning and can be related to intrinsic parameters of the FC. Although time-resolved physico-chemical consistent models such as 8,[16][17][18][19][20] could be used for impedance calculation, there is no closed-form analytical solution for their systems of equations. Consequently, they use numerical calculations to compute the required variables, which allows the computation of a much more complex system of equations than would be possible with an analytical approach, however as they are solved with numerical solvers, they require significantly more computational effort.…”