Real time hybrid modeling for ocean wave energy converters

Börner, Thomas; Alam, Mohammad-Reza

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.063

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…A real-time hybrid mathematical model is described for a wave energy converter in order to calculate the parameters easily [17]. The numerical simulation procedure is introduced for a cycloidal type wave energy converter to estimate the annual power absorption [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of iron nitride compound as alternative permanent magnet for designing linear generators to harvest oceanic wave energy

Molla

Farrok

Islam

et al. 2020

IET Electric Power Applications

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Most of the conventional linear generator is constructed with either Alnico (specially AlNiCo-9) or Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets (PMs) for harvesting oceanic wave energy. Alnico is a composition of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) added to iron, which is its major volumetric component. Alnico has a poor magnetic energy product, and NdFeB contains a rare earth element. To overcome this issue, a recently developed rare-earth free iron nitride (Fe 16 N 2) compound-based PM linear generator (PMLG) is proposed in this study as an alternative solution for avoiding rare earth material while obtaining high output power. To the best of authors' knowledge, newly invented Fe 16 N 2 is not proposed, analysed, and investigated in any electrical generator. In this context, Fe 16 N 2 is proposed in a linear generator as PM for producing adequate magnetic flux. For analysis and testing the performance of the proposed material, a PMLG is designed. The performances are compared for using Fe 16 N 2 and AlNiCo PMs in the same PMLG design for a fair comparison. It is considered that the proposed PMLG is connected to a direct drive power takeoff system. Simulation results show that the proposed PMLG having Fe 16 N 2 generates 55% more electrical power than that of using AlNiCo. The voltage, current, magnetic flux linkage, power, and magnetic flux density of the proposed PMLG are investigated extensively and compared with those of AlNiCo. The finite element method is applied in the ANSYS/Maxwell software environment for testing the PMLG with the conventional and the proposed PMs as well as results are presented. The proposed design is also validated with a small laboratory prototype.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of iron nitride compound as alternative permanent magnet for designing linear generators to harvest oceanic wave energy

Molla

Farrok

Islam

et al. 2020

IET Electric Power Applications

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“…Moreover, since the virtual subsystem can be easily varied, parametric studies may readily be performed. Recently, DS has also been used to circumvent similitude limitations, [2][3][4] in soil-structure-interaction applications, [5][6][7] and for interconnected systems. 8 Dynamic substructuring has received considerable attention in the earthquake engineering field in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple strategy for dynamic substructuring: I. Concept and development

Stefanaki

Sivaselvan

2018

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary Dynamic substructuring refers to physical testing with computational models in the loop. This paper presents a new strategy for such testing. The key feature of this strategy is that it decouples the substructuring controller from the physical subsystem. Unlike conventional approaches, it does not explicitly include a tracking controller. Consequently, the design and implementation of the substructuring controls are greatly simplified. This paper motivates the strategy and discusses the main concept along with details of the substructuring control design. The focus is on configurations that use shake tables and active mass drivers. An extensive experimental assessment of the new strategy is presented in a companion paper, where the influence of various factors such as virtual subsystem dynamics, control gains, and nonlinearities is investigated, and it is shown that robustly stable and accurate substructuring is achieved.

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“…In the past decade, an increasing number of researchers have utilized HS methods as an alternative to quasi‐static or shake table testing. Many projects have used RTHS to investigate a variety of topics related to earthquake engineering and, recently, some related to energy , soil‐structure interaction , and wind engineering . Moreover, researchers are beginning to rely on HS or RTHS to assess local and global responses and to consider various aspects related to design guidelines and codes , further details of these studies are provided in .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive multi‐rate interface: development and experimental verification for real‐time hybrid simulation

Maghareh

Waldbjørn

Dyke

et al. 2016

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a powerful cyber-physical technique that is a relatively cost-effective method to perform global/local system evaluation of structural systems. A major factor that determines the ability of an RTHS to represent true system-level behavior is the fidelity of the numerical substructure. While the use of higher-order models increases fidelity of the simulation, it also increases the demand for computational resources. Because RTHS is executed at real-time, in a conventional RTHS configuration, this increase in computational resources may limit the achievable sampling frequencies and/or introduce delays that can degrade its stability and performance. In this study, the Adaptive Multi-rate Interface rate-transitioning and compensation technique is developed to enable the use of more complex numerical models. Such a multirate RTHS is strictly executed at real-time, although it employs different time steps in the numerical and the physical substructures while including rate-transitioning to link the components appropriately. Typically, a higher-order numerical substructure model is solved at larger time intervals, and is coupled with a physical substructure that is driven at smaller time intervals for actuator control purposes. Through a series of simulations, the performance of the AMRI and several existing approaches for multi-rate RTHS is compared. It is noted that compared with existing methods, AMRI leads to a smaller error, especially at higher ratios of sampling frequency between the numerical and physical substructures and for input signals with highfrequency content. Further, it does not induce signal chattering at the coupling frequency. The effectiveness of AMRI is also verified experimentally. Figure 7. Simulation results of transfer system tracking.Figure 8. Determining acceptable/unacceptable ranges for a specific multi-rate implementation error.Case study II: Two significant strengths of the AMRI are its effective performance for input signals with high-frequency content and large sampling frequency ratios. To evaluate the performance of the proposed interface, a series of simulated case studies are implemented in which the input is a sinusoidal signal with various frequencies between 1-49 Hz and sampling frequency ratios of 2, 4, 5, 8, and 10. The corresponding normalized tracking errors using Equation (17) are shown in Figure 8. The simulation results shown in Figure 8 allow the researcher to have a better understanding of the error stemming from the multi-rate implementation of a realtime hybrid simulation using the AMRI. In this analysis, the frequency spectrum of the command signal is assumed to be known. For instance, the shaded region in Figure 8 results in less than 5% transfer system tracking error using the AMRI ratetransitioning scheme. Moreover, Figure 8 shows that in the majority of cases, the normalized error is less than 1%. Case study III: Finally, to systematically compare the performance of the three existing methods (method I-III) and the AMRI, a set...

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Real time hybrid modeling for ocean wave energy converters

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Application of iron nitride compound as alternative permanent magnet for designing linear generators to harvest oceanic wave energy

Application of iron nitride compound as alternative permanent magnet for designing linear generators to harvest oceanic wave energy

A simple strategy for dynamic substructuring: I. Concept and development

Adaptive multi‐rate interface: development and experimental verification for real‐time hybrid simulation

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