Real-time measurements of δ13C, CO2 concentration, and CO2/SO2 in volcanic plume gases at Mount Etna, Italy, over 5 consecutive days

Rizzo, Andrea Luca; Liuzzo, Marco; Ancellin, Marie-Anne; Jost, H.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.007

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similar organic signatures extrapolated to −26‰ were detected by Rizzo et al . [, ] and ascribed to car exhaust. These samples were collected from approximately the same downwind location that the helicopter had flown over seven different times, providing ample opportunity to contaminate the plume air with helicopter exhaust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After collection we analyzed the samples onboard the R/V Maritime Maid (MM) using a Thermo Fisher Delta Ray IRIS. The instrument's analyzer uses a tunable diode laser operating at 4.3 µm, a discrete multipass cell and principles to measure direct absorption of infrared radiation by CO 2 gas [ Rizzo et al ., ; van Geldern et al ., ; Rizzo et al ., ]. During analysis, the laser scans over the absorption lines for the various CO 2 isotopologues of the sample ( 12 C 16 O 16 O, 13 C 16 O 16 O, and 12 C 16 O 18 O) at 500 Hz and fits the average signal spectrum to a reference to simultaneously quantify CO 2 concentration and isotope ratios [ van Geldern et al ., ].…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During routine laboratory analyses, the instrument uses a pure CO 2 calibration gas with known δ 13 C signature. This setup allows the user to perform calibrations within the concentration ranges of the samples that are being analyzed enabling a measurement precision of ~0.15‰ δ 13 C, 0.2‰ δ 18 O, and 70 ppb CO 2 [ Rizzo et al ., ; van Geldern et al ., ; Rizzo et al ., ].…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since that time Rizzo et al . [, ] measured δ 13 C of plume CO 2 degassing from Mount Etna in real time using a Delta Ray tunable diode laser Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectrometer (IRIS) instrument, and Lucic et al . [] sampled soil CO 2 emissions from Long Valley Caldera, U.S., in Tedlar sampling bags and analyzed them for δ 13 C using a Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ¹³C of CO₂ determinations

Fischer

Lopez

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Volcanic degassing is one of the main natural sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. Carbon isotopes of volcanic gases enable the determination of CO2 sources including mantle, organic or carbonate sediments, and atmosphere. Until recently, this work required sample collection from vents followed by laboratory analyses. Isotope ratio infrared analyzers now enable rapid analyses of plume δ13C‐CO2, in situ and in real time. Here we report the first analyses of δ13C‐CO2 from airborne samples. These data combined with plume samples from the vent area enable extrapolation to the volcanic source δ13C. We performed our experiment at the previously unsampled and remote Kanaga Volcano in the Western Aleutians. We find a δ13C source composition of −4.4‰, suggesting that CO2 from Kanaga is primarily sourced from the upper mantle with minimal contributions from subducted components. Our method is widely applicable to volcanoes where remote location or activity level precludes sampling using traditional methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ¹³C of CO₂ determinations

Fischer

Lopez

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Etna. Measurements of CO 2 /SO 2 and of  13 C in CO 2 were carried during the 2014 activity and show that both indicators are concordant, revealing that early degassing of CO 2 may lead to peaks in both values and produce the highest  13 C values ever measured at Etna (1.5 ‰) (Rizzo et al, 2015). These results, in conjunction with the study of noble gas isotopes and abundances also confirm the occurrence of mixing between fluids exsolved at different depths in the magmatic system (Paonita et al, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 96%

Degassing vs. eruptive styles at Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy). Part I: Volatile stocking, gas fluxing, and the shift from low-energy to highly explosive basaltic eruptions

et al. 2018

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Basaltic magmas can transport and release large amounts of volatiles into the atmosphere, especially in subduction zones, where slab-derived fluids enrich the mantle wedge. Depending on magma volatile content, basaltic volcanoes thus display a wide spectrum of eruptive styles, from common Strombolian-type activity to Plinian events. Mt. Etna, in Sicily, is a typical basaltic volcano where the volatile control on such a variable activity can be investigated. Based on a melt inclusion study in products from Strombolian or lavafountain activity to Plinian eruptions, here we show that for the same initial volatile content, different eruptive styles reflect variable degassing paths throughout the composite Etnean plumbing system. The combined influence of i) crystallization, ii) deep degassing and iii) CO 2 gas fluxing can explain the evolution of H 2 O, CO 2 , S and Cl in products from such a spectrum of activity. Deep crystallization produces the CO 2rich gas fluxing the upward magma portions, which will become buoyant and easily mobilized in small gas

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Carbon isotope systematics of Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, using a portable cavity ring‐down spectrometer

Malowany

Stix

Moor

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Over the past two decades, activity at Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, has shifted from hydrothermal to increasingly magmatic in character, with enhanced degassing and eruption potential. We have conducted a survey of the δ13C signatures of gases at Turrialba using a portable field‐based CRDS with comparison to standard IRMS techniques. Our δ13C results of the volcanic plume, high‐temperature vents, and soil gases reveal isotopic heterogeneity in the CO2 gas composition at Turrialba prior to its recent phase of eruptive activity. The isotopic value of the regional fault system, Falla Ariete (–3.4 ± 0.1‰), is in distinct contrast with the Central crater gases (–3.9 ± 0.1‰) and the 2012 high‐temperature vent (–4.4 ± 0.2‰), an indication that spatial variability in δ13C may be linked to hydrothermal transport of volcanic gases, heterogeneities in the source composition, or magmatic degassing. Isotopic values of CO2 samples collected in the plume vary from δ13C of −5.2 to −10.0‰, indicative of mixing between atmospheric CO2 (–9.2 ± 0.1‰), and a volcanic source. We compare the Keeling method to a traditional mixing model (hyperbolic mixing curve) to estimate the volcanic source composition at Turrialba from the plume measurements. The predicted source compositions from the Keeling and hyperbolic methods (–3.0 ± 0.5‰ and −3.9 ± 0.4‰, respectively) illustrate two potential interpretations of the volcanic source at Turrialba. As of the 29 October 2014, Turrialba has entered a new eruptive period, and continued monitoring of the summit gases for δ13C should be conducted to better understand the dominant processes controlling δ13C fractionation at Turrialba.

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Real-time measurements of δ13C, CO2 concentration, and CO2/SO2 in volcanic plume gases at Mount Etna, Italy, over 5 consecutive days

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ¹³C of CO₂ determinations

First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ¹³C of CO₂ determinations

Degassing vs. eruptive styles at Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy). Part I: Volatile stocking, gas fluxing, and the shift from low-energy to highly explosive basaltic eruptions

Carbon isotope systematics of Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, using a portable cavity ring‐down spectrometer

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Real-time measurements of δ13C, CO2 concentration, and CO2/SO2 in volcanic plume gases at Mount Etna, Italy, over 5 consecutive days

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ13C of CO2 determinations

First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ13C of CO2 determinations

Degassing vs. eruptive styles at Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy). Part I: Volatile stocking, gas fluxing, and the shift from low-energy to highly explosive basaltic eruptions

Carbon isotope systematics of Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, using a portable cavity ring‐down spectrometer

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First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ¹³C of CO₂ determinations

First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ¹³C of CO₂ determinations