Real-Time Non-Intrusive Assessment of Viewing Distance during Computer Use

Argilés, Marc; Cardona, Genı́s; Pérez‐Cabré, Elisabet; Pérez-Magrané, Ramon; Morcego, Bernardo; Gispets, Joan

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000995

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Data were collected via MTurk and presented with Qualtrics [ 33 ] survey software. Assuming an average viewing distance of 55 cm [ 34 ], the 800 x 600 pixel stimulus images subtended 21.8 x 16.4 degrees on average for the MTurk participants. These dimensions held true for all the GW participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment width robustly influences egocentric distance judgments

2022

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Past work has suggested that perception of object distances in natural scenes depends on the environmental surroundings, even when the physical object distance remains constant. The cue bases for such effects remain unclear and are difficult to study systematically in real-world settings, given the challenges in manipulating large environmental features reliably and efficiently. Here, we used rendered scenes and crowdsourced data collection to address these challenges. In 4 experiments involving 452 participants, we investigated the effect of room width and depth on egocentric distance judgments. Targets were placed at distances of 2–37 meters in rendered rooms that varied in width (1.5–40 meters) and depth (6–40 meters). We found large and reliable effects of room width: Average judgments for the farthest targets in a 40-meter-wide room were between 16–33% larger than for the same target distances seen in a 1.5-meter-wide hallway. Egocentric distance cues and focal length were constant across room widths, highlighting the role of environmental context in judging distances in natural scenes. Obscuring the fine-grained ground texture, per se, is not primarily responsible for the width effect, nor does linear perspective play a strong role. However, distance judgments tended to decrease when doors and/or walls obscured more distant regions of the scene. We discuss how environmental features may be used to calibrate relative distance cues for egocentric distance judgments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment width robustly influences egocentric distance judgments

2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many individuals experience visual fatigue due to prolonged use of digital devices, such as computers, for reading and writing purposes ( Carmichael, 1947 ; Argiles et al, 2016 ). Some studies have suggested that the viewing distance during near work may vary depending on the nature of different tasks ( Eastwood-Sutherland and Gale, 2011 ; Argiles et al, 2016 ). For example, a study that employed an ultrasound sensor device found that the viewing distances for game, text completion, and web search tasks were approximately 54.5 cm, which was shorter than that of a video task (62.3 cm) ( Argiles et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have suggested that the viewing distance during near work may vary depending on the nature of different tasks ( Eastwood-Sutherland and Gale, 2011 ; Argiles et al, 2016 ). For example, a study that employed an ultrasound sensor device found that the viewing distances for game, text completion, and web search tasks were approximately 54.5 cm, which was shorter than that of a video task (62.3 cm) ( Argiles et al, 2016 ). Similarly, the viewing distances for reading and writing tasks can also differ depending on the task and age, ranging from 25 cm to 40 cm ( Yeo et al, 2013 ; Boccardo, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of precision and reliability of a novel computerized heterophoria test

et al. 2023

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PurposeTo assess the precision and reliability of a novel computerized heterophoria test (CHT).MethodsOne hundred and three subjects aged 20 to 48 (27.37 ± 5.15) were recruited from Wenzhou Medical University. All subjects with corrected spectacles were examined with CHT and a prism-neutralized objective cover test (POCT) in a randomized order. They were then re-examined with CHT within 1 week. Their heterophoria was measured at three different distances (3 m, 0.77 m and 0.4 m); the average was recorded after three consecutive measurements. Inter-examiner repeatability, intra-examiner repeatability of CHT and agreement between CHT and POCT were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference among repeated measurements using CHT (all p > 0.05). The difference between POCT and CHT was statistically significant at three distances (all p < 0.001). However, the mean absolute difference was 1.20△, 1.93△, and 2.41△, all of which were significantly smaller than the permissible range of error (4△) at three different distances (all p < 0.001).ConclusionThe CHT demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-examiner repeatability, as well as good correlation with POCT. The differences between CHT and POCT were within the permissible range of error, indicating that CHT could provide a precise and reliable measurement for clinical applications.

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