Photochemical
behaviors of pyruvic acid in multiple phases
have
been extensively studied, while those of its conjugate base, the pyruvate
anion (CH3COCOO–, PA–) are less understood and remain contradictory in gaseous versus
aqueous phases. Here in this article, we report a joint experimental
and theoretical study combining cryogenic, wavelength-resolved negative
ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and high-level quantum chemical
computations to investigate PA– actinic photochemistry
and its dependence on microsolvation in the gas phase. PA–·nH2O (n = 0–5)
clusters were generated and characterized, with their low-lying isomers
identified. NIPES conducted at multiple wavelengths across the PA– actinic regime revealed the PA– photochemistry
extremely sensitive to its hydration extent. While bare PA– anions exhibit active photoinduced dissociations that generate the
acetyl (CH3CO–), methide (CH3
–) anions, their corresponding radicals, and slow
electrons, one single attached water molecule results in significant
suppression with a subsequent second water being able to completely
block all dissociation pathways, effectively annihilating all PA– photochemical reactivities. The underlying dissociation
mechanisms of PA–·nH2O (n = 0–2) clusters are proposed involving nπ* excitation, dehydration, decarboxylation, and
further CO loss. Since the photoexcited dihydrate does not have sufficient
energy to overcome the full dehydration barrier before PA– could fragmentate, the PA– dissociation pathway
is completely blocked, with the energy most likely released via loss
of one water and internal electronic and vibrational relaxations.
The insight unraveled in this work provides a much-needed critical
link to connect the seemingly conflicting PA– actinic
chemistry between the gas and condensed phases.