“…Interference based methods composed of digital holography (Miccio et al ., ; Kim & Park, ; Bianco et al ., ; Memmolo et al ., ; Bianco et al ., ; Kim et al ., ; Merola et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ), interferometric microscopy (Wang et al ., ; Lee & Park, ; Wang et al ., ,b; Wang et al ., ) and spatial light interference microscopy (Babacan et al ., ; Majeed et al ., ) can obtain cellular phase distributions with high speed and accuracy, while the extra reference causes complex optical setup, and it is also difficult to be integrated into commercial microscopes, thus they are not widely adopted in biological and medical fields. Compared to these iterative or interference methods, quantitative phase imaging based on transport of intensity equation (TIE) method shows its potentials on cellular phase observations and measurements (Kou et al ., ; Waller et al ., ; Waller et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Zhu et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Yu et al ., ,b; Meng et al ., ). With single in‐focus and another two symmetric defocus images, sample phase distributions can be computed via solving Poisson equation.…”