Real Time Water Detection for Adaptive Control Strategy in Pemfc-systems

Miege, Andreas; Steffen, Florian; Luschtinetz, Thomas; Jakubith, S.; Freitag, Maik

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2012.09.050

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For systems that adopt hydrogen bonding solely, this provides an account of the greater conductivity at a higher RH (“ unzipped ” form). In the case of proton-exchange membranes, the role of hydrogen bonding is well established, and is further demonstrated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results at variable humidity, shown in Figure 17 [ 155 ].…”

Section: Experimental Strategies For the Study Of Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Polyaniline/Biopolymer Composite Systems for Humidity Sensor Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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The development of polyaniline (PANI)/biomaterial composites as humidity sensor materials represents an emerging area of advanced materials with promising applications. The increasing attention to biopolymer materials as desiccants for humidity sensor components can be explained by their sustainability and propensity to absorb water. This review represents a literature survey, covering the last decade, which is focused on the interrelationship between the core properties and moisture responsiveness of multicomponent polymer/biomaterial composites. This contribution provides an overview of humidity-sensing materials and the corresponding sensors that emphasize the resistive (impedance) type of PANI devices. The key physicochemical properties that affect moisture sensitivity include the following: swelling, water vapor adsorption capacity, porosity, electrical conductivity, and enthalpies of adsorption and vaporization. Some key features of humidity-sensing materials involve the response time, recovery time, and hysteresis error. This work presents a discussion on various types of humidity-responsive composite materials that contain PANI and biopolymers, such as cellulose, chitosan and structurally related systems, along with a brief overview of carbonaceous and ceramic materials. The effect of additive components, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), for film fabrication and their adsorption properties are also discussed. The mechanisms of hydration and proton transfer, as well as the relationship with conductivity is discussed. The literature survey on hydration reveals that the textural properties (surface area and pore structure) of a material, along with the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) play a crucial role. The role of HLB is important in PANI/biopolymer materials for understanding hydration phenomena and hydrophobic effects. Fundamental aspects of hydration studies that are relevant to humidity sensor materials are reviewed. The experimental design of humidity sensor materials is described, and their relevant physicochemical characterization methods are covered, along with some perspectives on future directions in research on PANI-based humidity sensors.

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Section: Experimental Strategies For the Study Of Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“… Nyquist plot (imaginary vs. real impedance) derived from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for a proton-exchange membrane in a fuel cell. Reprinted with permission from [ 155 ]. Copyright 2012, Elsevier.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline/Biopolymer Composite Systems for Humidity Sensor Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…For model‐based approaches, equivalent circuit models have been used to fit EIS response , . However, the physical interpretation of the parameters of the equivalent circuit model remains difficult , which explains why data‐based method have also been developed from EIS measurement , , . A remaining issue of these approaches is to predict the modifications of the impedance spectrum induced by fuel cell degradations , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, measuring the fuel cell impedance for a large range of frequencies is difficult in real‐time conditions because it takes a long time to record the signal, especially for low frequencies , , . However, some reliable solutions have been proposed to characterize online the high frequency part of the impedance without disturbing the fuel cell operation , . As the high frequency impedance is related to membrane water content and consequently to gases relative humidity, this value can be used to monitor stack operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Detection and Isolation for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Impedance Measurements and Multiphysics Modeling

et al. 2020

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This study proposes a fault detection and isolation tool for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating in embedded applications. A model-based approach, taking partially into account degradation phenomena, is proposed in order to increase the robustness of the tool regarding transient operations and stack ageing. The considered faults are the abnormal operating conditions that can decrease the fuel cell lifetime. The fault detection approach is based on residual generation using both voltage and high frequency resistance measurements and thus combining the advantages of knowledge-based model and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) diagnosis approaches. To that end, a multi-physics fuel cell model has been used. This model computes not only the stack voltage but also the high frequency resistance in dynamic conditions. Additionally, the model is modified to take into account the ageing of the fuel cell. Validation is carried out on experimental characterizations during 1,000 h ageing. The results on a new fuel cell stack show a score of 91% for fault isolation. However, without any adaptation, this score drops dramatically as the stack ages. Finally, thanks to ageing modeling and to the proposed adaptation of the detection/isolation procedure, the diagnosis performance remains reliable during fuel cell stack ageing.

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Distributed parameter model-based control of water activity and concentration of reactants in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Sarmiento-Carnevali

Serra

Batlle

2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Water management is still a key challenge for optimal performance and durability of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Water levels along the channel in a PEM fuel cell present important spatial variations that should be taken into account to avoid both local flooding and local drying. In this work, a decentralised model predictive control scheme is designed to maintain the water activity on both anode and cathode sides of the PEM at appropriate levels. The proposed strategy tackles the accumulation of liquid water on the surface of the catalyst layers, and the possibility of local drying, by controlling observed water activity spatial profiles. Classic PEM fuel cell issues like reactant starvation are also considered. High control performance is achieved. The strategy is applied to a validated distributed parameter PEM fuel cell model.Results show increased cell power density in comparison to non-spatial control strategies.

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Real Time Water Detection for Adaptive Control Strategy in Pemfc-systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Polyaniline/Biopolymer Composite Systems for Humidity Sensor Applications: A Review

Polyaniline/Biopolymer Composite Systems for Humidity Sensor Applications: A Review

Fault Detection and Isolation for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Impedance Measurements and Multiphysics Modeling

Distributed parameter model-based control of water activity and concentration of reactants in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

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