Realization of mid-infrared broadband absorption in monolayer graphene based on strong coupling between graphene nanoribbons and metal tapered grooves

Huang, Lei; Hu, Guohua; Deng, Chunyu; Zhu, Ye; Yun, Binfeng; Zhang, Ruohu; Cui, Yiping

doi:10.1364/oe.26.029192

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The module of electrostatic is used to obtain the surface charge distribution of the structure, and the module of radio frequency is used to verify the relationship between resonance frequency and changes in carrier. The surface conductivity model and the transitional boundary condition are used in the model of graphene, and the details are discussed in the references 43 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A plasmon modulator by directly controlling the couple of photon and electron

Zhao

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons plays a pivotal role in plasmonic science and technology, however, the modulation efficiency of the traditional method suffers from the weak light-matter interaction. Herein, we propose a new method to overcome this obstacle by directly controlling the couple of photon and electron. In this paper, a hybrid graphene-dielectric- interdigital electrode structure is numerically and experimentally investigated. The plasmon is excited due to the confined carrier which is regulated by the potential wells. The frequency of plasmon can be tuned over a range of ~ 33 cm−1, and the obtained maximum extinction ratio is 8% via changing the confined area and the density of carrier. These findings may open up a new path to design the high efficiency all-optical modulator because the electrons can also be driven optically.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A plasmon modulator by directly controlling the couple of photon and electron

Zhao

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Graphene plasmons − (GPs) can overcome this limitation by exploiting their extremely short wavelength, strong field confinement, and large field enhancement. Furthermore, GPs have a frequency range covering the mid- and far-IR and terahertz bands , and can be dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi energy via an external gate voltage. − This strong tunability combined with a broad spectral range makes GPs highly promising for various vital applications such as modulators and photodetectors. − In the last decade, many tunable sensors, , including mid-infrared sensors, − based on graphene have been proposed and investigated, indicating that graphene could offer a great opportunity to significantly improve the performance of devices used for refractometric detection in the infrared band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene plasmons 16−19 (GPs) can overcome this limitation by exploiting their extremely short wavelength, strong field confinement, and large field enhancement. Furthermore, GPs have a frequency range covering the mid-and far-IR and terahertz bands 20,21 and can be dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi energy via an external gate voltage. 22−24 This strong tunability combined with a broad spectral range makes GPs highly promising for various vital applications such as modulators 20 and photodetectors.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrabroad-Band Direct Digital Refractive Index Imaging Based on Suspended Graphene Plasmon Nanocavities

Xiao

Maier

Giannini

2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Mid-infrared spectroscopy is essential for chemical identification and compositional analysis because of the existence of characteristic molecular absorption fingerprints. However, it is very challenging to determine the refractive index of an analyte at low concentrations using current photonic systems in a broad midinfrared spectral range. We propose an imaging-based nanophotonic technique for refractive index determination. The technique is based on deep subwavelength graphene plasmon nanocavities and allows for the retrieval of molecular concentration. This method features a two-dimensional array of suspended graphene plasmon nanocavities, in which the extremely high field enhancement and extraordinary compression of graphene plasmons can be realized simultaneously by combining shallow and deep cavities. This enables resonant unit cells to be read out in the spatial absorption pattern of the array at multiple spectral points, and the resulting information is then translated into the refractive index of the analytes. The proposed technique gives complementary information compared with the current nanophotonic techniques based on molecular absorption, including the ability of the refractive index measurement, the ultra-broadband measurable spectral range, and the small volume of the analyte required, thereby pushing the potential for refractometric sensing technologies into the infrared frequencies.

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“…Hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) with great potential in confining optical mode field at subwavelength scale has been applied in many fields, such as optical absorber [46], optical sensor [47], and optical tweezers [48]. Its sandwich structure composes a metal layer, a high index material layer, and a low index material layer, and the optical mode field is highly confined in the low-index layer due to the high index difference between the layers [49,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband graphene-on-silicon modulator with orthogonal hybrid plasmonic waveguides

Yang

Liu

et al. 2020

Nanophotonics

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Graphene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial, possess unique photoelectric properties that have potential application in designing optoelectronic devices. The tunable optical absorption is one of the most exciting properties that can be used to improve the performance of silicon modulators. However, the weak light–matter interaction caused by the size mismatch between the optical mode fields and graphene makes the graphene-on-silicon modulator (GOSM) has large footprint and high energy consumption, limiting the enhancement of modulation efficiency. Here, we propose a broadband GOSM with orthogonal hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) at near-infrared wavelengths. The orthogonal HPWs are designed to compress the interaction region of optical fields and enhance the light-graphene interaction. The results show that the GOSM has a modulation depth of 26.20 dB/μm, a footprint of 0.33 μm2, a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 462.77 GHz, and energy consumption of 2.82 fJ/bit at 1.55 μm. Even working at a broad wavelength band ranging from 1.3 to 2 μm, the GOSM also has a modulation depth of over 8.58 dB/μm and energy consumption of below 4.97 fJ/bit. It is anticipated that with the excellent modulation performance, this GOSM may have great potential in broadband integrated modulators, on-chip optical communications and interconnects, etc.

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Realization of mid-infrared broadband absorption in monolayer graphene based on strong coupling between graphene nanoribbons and metal tapered grooves

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

A plasmon modulator by directly controlling the couple of photon and electron

A plasmon modulator by directly controlling the couple of photon and electron

Ultrabroad-Band Direct Digital Refractive Index Imaging Based on Suspended Graphene Plasmon Nanocavities

Broadband graphene-on-silicon modulator with orthogonal hybrid plasmonic waveguides

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