Recent Advance on Polyaniline or Polypyrrole-Derived Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Abstract

The fuel cell, as one of the most promising electrochemical devices, is sustainable, clean, and environmentally benign. The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important fuel cell cathodic reaction that decides the efficiency of the overall energy conversion. In order to improve ORR efficiency, many efficient catalysts have been developed, in which the N-doped material is most popular. Polyaniline and polypyrrole as common aromatic polymers containing nitrogen were widely applied in the N-doped material. The shape-controlled N-doped carbon material can be prepared from the pyrolysis of the polyaniline or polypyrrole, which is effective to catalyze the ORR. This review is focused on the recent advance of polyaniline or polypyrrole-based ORR electrocatalysts.

Recent developments of nanocarbon based supports for PEMFCs electrocatalysts

“…Combined with the results given in Table 7, not only is the big surface area necessary for nanostructured WC-C, but also a high amount of mesopores is important for a higher MOR activity. This is because the micropores are inaccessible to fuels and electrolytes (especially with Nafion ® as the electrolyte) and thus do not contribute to electrocatalysis [208]. The large number of mesopores offers a facile mass transfer for reactants/products to/from the reaction sites.…”

In Situ Synthesis of Fe−N Co‐doped Porous Carbon Nanospheres by Extended Stöber Method for Oxygen Reduction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media

“…[16] Alternatively, the FeÀ NÀ C materials can be designed directly through pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing polymers (e. g., polyaniline, polypyrrole) and iron salts precursor. [17,18] Despite the polymers show good thermal stabilities, however, the construction of the active site is primarily dependent on the coupling of metal and nitrogen randomly, which have difficulties in achieving strong interaction of metal and nitrogen species and avoiding the metallic nanoparticles agglomeration. Meaningfully, the efficiently regulating the intermolecular interactions could be by means of the precursor designing at a level of molecular, further enabling improvement of electrocatalytic performance.…”

Direct Double Coating of Carbon and Nitrogen on Fluoride-Doped Li4Ti5O12 as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…[21][22][23][24]. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrole (PPy) are polymer types widely used for the N-doped porous carbon synthesis process because the pyrolysis results of the two polymers show a distinctive morphology and controlled nitrogen content in the carbon-coating process [25,26]. As reported, the N-doped carbon-coated LTO-TO microspheres showing specific discharge capacities of 184 and 123 mAh g −1 were obtained at 0.2 C and 20 C, respectively [27].…”