Recent advances in laser-cladding of metal alloys for protective coating and additive manufacturing

Lim, Wei Yang; Cao, Jin; Suwardi, Ady; Meng, Tzee Luai; Tan, Chee Kiang Ivan; Liu, Hongfei

doi:10.1080/01694243.2022.2085499

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Laser cladding (LC) is an AM method to produce metal alloys and build them up layer-by-layer, which has the advantage of being feasible in digitalizing the materials engineering via mixing and/or switching among individual feedstocks [5]. John, Kuruveri, & Menezes reviewed the laser cladding-based surface modi cation of carbon steel and high-alloy steel for extreme condition applications current research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process

Félix-Martínez,

Salgado-López,

López-Martínez

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Research have focused on nding solutions to prolong the life of metal parts which suffer damage from wear. Hard facing is a suitable solution and Co-based alloys and ultimately metal matrix composites have been used due to their high wear resistance. In this work, the wear resistance at room temperature (RT) and at 600°C of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings obtained by laser cladding was evaluated, deposited using continuous (CW) and pulsed wave (PW), and varying the idle time. The coatings deposited with CW showed higher hardness in the matrix (785-843 HV); meanwhile, the PW showed values between 623-786 HV. The increase in hardness was attributed to the higher W and C diffusion towards the matrix. The use of PW reduced diffusion due to the higher cooling rates. Similarly, coatings deposited with CW obtained the best wear resistance both temperature conditions, with values between 11.81 x10 − 6 mm 3 /Nm and 39.39 x10 − 6 mm 3 /Nm, respectively. At RT, W and C diffusion promoted the formation of carbides that had a lubricating effect; however, at high temperature, tribo-oxidation occurred with the formation of protective layers of oxides. Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings showed good wear resistance, which makes them an alternative to improve the useful life of metallic components.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process

Félix-Martínez,

Salgado-López,

López-Martínez

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…This technology produces 100% metallurgical joints, low dilution, low heat input, is environmentally friendly, flexible, and material saving, although its use limited due to its high cost [6,7,8]. This technology is compatible with other CNC and robot-based processes, making it suitable for advanced manufacturing and remanufacturing [9]. At the industrial level, there are four commonly used types of lasers for these applications: CO2, Nd:YAG, fiber, and diode lasers (HPDL) have different wavelengths: 10.6, 1.06, 1.07, and 0.8-1.0 um, respectively [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural characterization martensitic stainless-steel coatings deposited by laser metal deposition

Rodriguez,

Silva,

Torres

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, characterized by layer-by-layer deposition, is emerging as an alternative to produce parts, typically with complex geometries, and has recently become an option for mass production. This technology has been adopted by several industries due to its ability to save material resources and processing time. In addition, it could lead to component weight reduction, design optimization and the development of new materials. Among the AM processes, laser metal deposition (LMD) offers a high build rate and allows for larger deposition volumes compared to powder bed-based technology, resulting in lower manufacturing costs. Several industries, such as aerospace and defense, have focused on the use of LMD due to the opportunities for cost savings, increased productivity, and repair of large mechanical components. In particular, LMD could be used in the aerospace industry for the manufacture and repair of engines, turbines and propulsion systems, space shuttles, communications satellites. Currently, several types of metals, including important engineering materials such as steel, aluminum, and titanium, can be used to produce parts with high levels of precision and excellent properties. The use of martensitic stainless steels has increased in the automotive, aerospace and defense industries, mainly due to their mechanical properties such as high flow resistance and reasonable ductility. However, the deposition of martensitic stainless steels using LMD presents challenges in the selection of parameters, morphology configurations and phase evolutions to ensure the required mechanical properties. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the deposition parameters for laser cladding using LMD with martensitic stainless steel AISI 431 powder. In addition, morphological aspects were analyzed. The microstructural evolution was assessed using optical and electron microscopy. The results show dilution values between 10 and 27% were found for power values between 1400 and 1600 W and laser beam velocities of 9, 14 and 16 mm/s. Microstructural characterization revealed martensite and ferrite phases in the depositions. Several factors influence the geometric and microstructural characteristics of the laser cladded deposits, such as the morphology and size distribution of the filler particles, the chemical composition of the materials, the flow rate and deposition method of the filler, and the power and beam speed of the laser.

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“…High-power lasers have been widely applied for precisely manufacturing and remanufacturing of metallic components in various industrial areas [1][2][3]. Direct energy deposition of metallic alloys can be realized by lasercladding in both powder-feeding and -bed configurations using the rapid heating and fast cooling characteristics of laser process [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Pressure waves generated from laser-induced plasma have been developed to laser-shock peening (LSP) for surface integrity enhancement and directly shape-forming of metallic alloys [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-treatment-induced surface integrity modifications of stainless steel

Gong

Wei

Meng

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Scanning of high-power laser beam on surface of martensitic stainless steel (SS420) has been studied, addressing the effect of scanning rate V on integrity modifications in the near-surface regions. Structural, compositional, and crystallographic characterizations revealed the presence of ablations, surface melting/resolidification, surface oxidations, and austenite (γ-phase) precipitations when V ≤ 20 mm/s. Melt pool (MP), heat affected zone (HEA), and base material have been clearly distinguished at the cross-section of the slow-scanned samples. Adjacent MPs partially overlapped when V = 5 mm/s. The γ-phase precipitations solely occurred in the MPs, i.e., of ~ 400 μm deep for V = 5 mm/s, while oxidations dominantly occurred in the surface regions of shallower than ~30 μm within the MPs. Compositional analysis revealed increased Cr-, Mn-, and Si-to-Fe ratios at the laser-scanned surface but absence of variations along the surface normal direction. Hardened surface has been achieved up to 805 HV, and the hardening monotonically decreased when moving deeper (i.e., ~1000 μm) into the base material. These observations shed new lights on surface engineering of metallic alloys via laser-based direct energy treatments.

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Recent advances in laser-cladding of metal alloys for protective coating and additive manufacturing

Cited by 24 publications

References 88 publications

Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process

Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process

Microstructural characterization martensitic stainless-steel coatings deposited by laser metal deposition

Laser-treatment-induced surface integrity modifications of stainless steel

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