Recent advances in optical sensors for continuous glucose monitoring

Ahmed, Israr; Jiang, Nan; Shao, Xinge; Elsherif, Mohamed; Alam, Fahad; Salih, Ahmed E.; Butt, Haider; Yetisen, Ali K.

doi:10.1039/d1sd00030f

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Despite the development of electrochemical glucose sensors, optical spectroscopic and microneedle transdermal glucose sensing technologies are emerging as promising future alternatives for CGM [ 40 ]. Seven optical technologies available for CGM have recently been reviewed [ 41 ]. Additionally, a noninvasive sweat glucose sensor based on a wearable hydrogel (Prussian-blue-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposite) patch was recently demonstrated to provide rapid sampling of natural perspiration [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Preterm Infants: The Role of Nutritional Management in Minimizing Glycemic Variability

et al. 2022

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Glycemic variability (GV) is common in preterm infants. In the premature population, GV is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Both hypo- and hyperglycemia can impair neurodevelopment. We investigated the impact of continuous versus intermittent tube enteral feeding on GV. In our prospective observational study, 20 preterm infants with a gestational age ≤ 34 weeks at either continuous or intermittent bolus full enteral feeding. For five days, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was utilized, which was achieved through the subcutaneous insertion of a sensor. A total of 27,532 measurements of blood glucose were taken. The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions did not differ between the two cohorts statistically. Continuous feeding resulted in higher positive values, increasing the risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia. Subjects who were small for their gestational age had a higher standard deviation during continuous feeding (p = 0.001). Data suggest that intermittent bolus nutrition is better for glycemic control than continuous nutrition. Nutritional management optimization of preterm infants appears to be critical for long-term health. In the future, CGM may provide a better understanding of the optimal glucose targets for various clinical conditions, allowing for a more personalized approach to management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Preterm Infants: The Role of Nutritional Management in Minimizing Glycemic Variability

et al. 2022

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“…[43][44][45][46] While a detection range of 18-684 mg dL À1 has been achieved with NIR spectroscopicbased glucose sensing, this approach is limited by interference from skin type and other metabolites. 47,48 In contrast, the chemo-optical biosensing platform described in this study is highly specific owing to the associated enzymatic component. However, the plateau at a lifetime below the measured 0 mM oxygen levels (202.9-207.3 ms) suggests that the response is limited by active enzyme.…”

Section: Oxygen and Glucose Sensingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Glucose biosensors based on Michael addition crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with chemo-optical sensing microdomains

et al. 2023

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“…There has also been significant interest in the last few years on optical sensors that detect photons to determine the glucose concentration via the interaction between glucose molecules and different wavelengths of light ( 61 ). Other sensor developments focus on the non-invasive measurement of sweat, urine, saliva, tears ( 62 ) and even thermal monitoring ( 63 ); however, these ideas have not yet translated to a commercially viable stage.…”

Section: Updates On Previously Suggested Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous glucose monitoring for children with hypoglycaemia: Evidence in 2023

et al. 2023

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In 2023, childhood hypoglycaemia remains a major public health problem and significant risk factor for consequent adverse neurodevelopment. Irrespective of the underlying cause, key elements of clinical management include the detection, prediction and prevention of episodes of hypoglycaemia. These tasks are increasingly served by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices that measure subcutaneous glucose at near-continuous frequency. While the use of CGM in type 1 diabetes is well established, the evidence for widespread use in rare hypoglycaemia disorders is less than convincing. However, in the few years since our last review there have been multiple developments and increased user feedback, requiring a review of clinical application. Despite advances in device technology, point accuracy of CGM remains low for children with non-diabetes hypoglycaemia. Simple provision of CGM devices has not replicated the efficacy seen in those with diabetes and is yet to show benefit. Machine learning techniques for hypoglycaemia prevention have so far failed to demonstrate sufficient prediction accuracy for real world use even in those with diabetes. Furthermore, access to CGM globally is restricted by costs kept high by the commercially-driven speed of technical innovation. Nonetheless, the ability of CGM to digitally phenotype disease groups has led to a better understanding of natural history of disease, facilitated diagnoses and informed changes in clinical management. Large CGM datasets have prompted re-evaluation of hypoglycaemia incidence and facilitated improved trial design. Importantly, an individualised approach and focus on the behavioural determinants of hypoglycaemia has led to real world reduction in hypoglycaemia. In this state of the art review, we critically analyse the updated evidence for use of CGM in non-diabetic childhood hypoglycaemia disorders since 2020 and provide suggestions for qualified use.

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Recent advances in optical sensors for continuous glucose monitoring

Abstract: Diabetes has recently become the leading cause of death worldwide. So far, there is no effective treatment to cure or prevent diabetes, but good blood control through glucose monitoring can...

Cited by 55 publications

References 132 publications

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Preterm Infants: The Role of Nutritional Management in Minimizing Glycemic Variability

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Preterm Infants: The Role of Nutritional Management in Minimizing Glycemic Variability

Glucose biosensors based on Michael addition crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with chemo-optical sensing microdomains

Continuous glucose monitoring for children with hypoglycaemia: Evidence in 2023

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