Recent advances in the diagnosis of COVID-19: a bird’s eye view

Sharma, Bhawna; Shahanshah, Mohd Fardeen Husain; Gupta, Sanjay; Gupta, Vandana

doi:10.1080/14737159.2021.1874354

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…The absence of a vaccine and effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2, and the lack of time to develop an entirely novel drug class, limit the current treatments of COVID-19 to supportive treatments (1,20). Different drugs were tried, including HIV protease inhibitors (21)(22)(23), nucleoside analogs (24), chloroquine (24), and corticosteroids (25)(26)(27), but with uncertain efficacy and sometimes significant side effects (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of Reduning injection in the treatment of COVID-19: a randomized, multicenter clinical study

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: Reduning injection is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with known efficacy against a variety of viral infections, but there is no data about its efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: To explore the efficacy and safety of Reduning injection in the treatment of COVID-19, a randomized, open-labeled, multicenter, controlled trial was conducted from 12 general hospitals between 2020.02.06 and 2020.03.23. Patients with COVID-19 who met the diagnostic criteria of the "Diagnosis and Treatment Program for Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia (Trial Fifth Edition)". Patients were randomized to routine treatment with or without Reduning injection (20 mL/day for 14 days) (ChiCTR2000029589).The primary endpoint was the rate of achieving clinical symptom recovery on day 14 of treatment.Results: There were 77 and 80 participants in the Reduning and control groups. The symptom resolution rate at 14 days was higher in the Reduning injection than in controls [full-analysis set (FAS): 84.4% vs. 60.0%, P=0.0004]. Compared with controls, the Reduning group showed shorter median time to resolution of the clinical symptoms (143 vs. 313.5 h, P<0.001), shorter to nucleic acid test turning negative (146.5 vs. 255.5 h, P<0.001), shorter hospital stay (14.1 vs. 18.1 days, P<0.001), and shorter time to defervescence (29 vs. 71 h, P<0.001). There was no difference in AEs (3.9% vs. 8.8%, P=0.383).Conclusions: This preliminary trial suggests that Reduning injection might be effective and safe in patients with symptomatic COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of Reduning injection in the treatment of COVID-19: a randomized, multicenter clinical study

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Ann Palliat Med

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“…27,28 Other techniques like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), microfluidic immune-fluorescence assay, chromatographic digital immunoassays are evolving. [47][48][49] However, the flowthrough dot-blot-based approach is not yet widely available as COVID-19 immunoassay. This work includes developing and evaluating a rapid flow-through dot-blot assay (FT-DBA) to detect SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG in human serum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AuNP Coupled Rapid Flow-Through Dot-Blot Immuno-Assay for Enhanced Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Nucleocapsid and Receptor Binding Domain IgG

Sil¹,

Jamiruddin²,

Haq³

et al. 2021

IJN

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Background: Serological tests detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2) are widely used in seroprevalence studies and evaluating the efficacy of the vaccination program. Some of the widely used serological testing techniques are enzymelinked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). However, these tests are plagued with low sensitivity or specificity, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. We developed a serological test implementing flow-through dot-blot assay (FT-DBA) for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG detection, which provides enhanced sensitivity and specificity while being quick to perform and easy to use. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 antigens were immobilized on nitrocellulose membrane to capture human IgG, which was then detected with anti-human IgG conjugated gold nanoparticle (hIgG-AuNP). A total of 181 samples were analyzed in-house. Within which 35 were further evaluated in US FDA-approved CLIA Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 assay. The positive panel consisted of RT-qPCR positive samples from patients with both <14 days and >14 days from the onset of clinical symptoms. The negative panel contained samples collected from the pre-pandemic era dengue patients and healthy donors during the pandemic. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FT-DBA were evaluated against RT-qPCR positive sera. However, the overall efficacies were assessed with sera that seroconverted against either nucleocapsid (NCP) or receptorbinding domain (RBD). Results: In-house ELISA selected a total of 81 true seropositive and 100 seronegative samples. The sensitivity of samples with <14 days using FT-DBA was 94.7%, increasing to 100% for samples >14 days. The overall detection sensitivity and specificity were 98.8% and 98%, respectively, whereas the overall PPV and NPV were 99.6% and 99%. Moreover, comparative analysis between in-house ELISA assays and FT-DBA revealed clinical agreement of Cohen's Kappa value of 0.944. The FT-DBA showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% when compared with commercial CLIA kits. Conclusion:The assay can confirm past SARS-CoV-2 infection with high accuracy within 2 minutes compared to commercial CLIA or in-house ELISA. It can help track SARS-CoV-2 disease progression, population screening, and vaccination response. The ease of use of the assay without requiring any instruments while being semi-quantitative provides the avenue of its implementation in remote areas around the globe, where conventional serodiagnosis is not feasible.

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“…This technique can assess a batch of 150 samples in 4.7 s. Some other alternate methods of virus detection includes immunoassays that are based on pathogen-specific antigens or antibodies detection that are designed on lateral flow immunoassay strip (LFIAs) and it comprises of SARS-CoV-2 antigen coupled with nanoparticles. Chest computerized tomography scan, Mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics, virus neutralization assays (VNA) ( Sharma et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Virus Detection Methods and Devices From Wastewater And Threshold Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity of existing wastewater treatment plants to treat SARS-CoV-2. A review

Saba

Hasan

Kjellerup

et al. 2021

Bioresource Technology Reports

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Water is one of many viral transmission routes, and the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater has brought attention to its treatment. SARS CoV-2 primarily transmits in the air but the persistence of the virus in the water possibly can serve as a secondary source even though current studies do not show this. In this paper, an evaluation of the current literature with regards to the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and biosolids is presented. Treatment efficiencies of WWTPs are compared for viral load reduction on the basis of publicly available data. The results of this evaluation indicate that existing WWTPs are effectively removing 1–6 log 10 viable SARS-CoV-2. However, sludge and biosolids provide an umbrella of protection from treatment and inactivation to the virus. Hence, sludge treatment factors like high temperature, pH changes, and predatory microorganisms can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2.

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Recent advances in the diagnosis of COVID-19: a bird’s eye view

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Efficacy and safety of Reduning injection in the treatment of COVID-19: a randomized, multicenter clinical study

Efficacy and safety of Reduning injection in the treatment of COVID-19: a randomized, multicenter clinical study

AuNP Coupled Rapid Flow-Through Dot-Blot Immuno-Assay for Enhanced Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Nucleocapsid and Receptor Binding Domain IgG

Capacity of existing wastewater treatment plants to treat SARS-CoV-2. A review

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