Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers with Reduced Migration

Abstract

This paper reviews the current trends in replacing commonly used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, formulations by new compounds with reduced migration, leading to the enhancement in mechanical properties and better plasticizing efficiency. Novel plasticizers have been divided into three groups depending on the replacement strategy, i.e., total replacement, partial replacement, and internal plasticizers. Chemical and physical properties of PVC formulations containing a wide range of plasticizers have been compared, allowing observance of the improvements in polymer performance in comparison to PVC plasticized with conventionally applied bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate and di-n-octyl terephthalate. Among a variety of newly developed plasticizers, we have indicated those presenting excellent migration resistance and advantageous mechanical properties, as well as those derived from natural sources. A separate chapter has been dedicated to the description of a synergistic effect of a mixture of two plasticizers, primary and secondary, that benefits in migration suppression when secondary plasticizer is added to PVC blend.

Effective, Environmentally Friendly PVC Plasticizers Based on Succinic Acid

“…Van der Waals forces in the form of dipole–dipole interactions occur between the polar groups of the plasticizer such as carbonyl in ester bonds and chlorine atoms in the PVC matrix. Moreover, hydrogen bonds occur between the carbonyl groups of the plasticizer ester and the hydrogen attached to the carbon in the α position relative to the carbon–chlorine bonds in the PVC [ 66 , 71 ]. As suggested by the ester number, the concentration of ester groups in Sample 4 was the highest of all obtained plasticizers, and its interactions with the polymer were then also the strongest.…”

Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based additives: Plasticization efficacy and migration resistance

“…The reader may refer to reviews on the subject by Daniels and Czogala et al. [51,52] All of these theories imply existing chemical interactions between the plasticizer and polymer. Here, we focused on the electrostatic interactions (e.g.…”

“All-PVC” Flexible Poly(vinyl Chloride): Nonmigratory Star-Poly(vinyl Chloride) as Plasticizers for PVC by RAFT Polymerization

“…Many different approaches to preventing additive or plasticizer migration have been investigated and are summarized in recent reviews. ,− One strategy is to use a polymeric external plasticizer. These typically take the form of a polymer that is miscible with and has a lower glass-transition temperature ( T g ) than PVC.…”