Recent developments in chemiluminescence and photochemical reaction detection for capillary electrophoresis

Kuyper, Christopher L.; Milofsky, Robert E.

doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(01)00066-8

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The most widely used oxalate ester is bis-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) followed by bis-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)oxalate or bis[4-nitro-2-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxycarbonyl)phenyl]oxalate (TDPO). The first contributions in CE-CL by using this reaction, appeared from 1990, have been based on the development of homemade instruments and suitable interfaces, evaluated with the detection of labeled AAs, peptides and proteins or compounds labeled with dyestuffcontaining liposomes [11][12][13][14]. Although impressive detection limits and satisfactory selectivity were obtained, applications to real samples were not reported.…”

Section: Po Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CE presents, as main advantages, low reagent and sample consumption, high separation efficiency and reduced analysis time, and CL has been coupled as detection technique to combine the above-mentioned aspects with the high sensitivity inherent to this luminescence mode. From the first application of a CL reaction in CE developed by Hara et al [7], some review articles and book chapters have appeared, including the principles, instrumental designs and applications of CL as detection system in CE [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Considering that the small inner diameter of the electrophoretic capillary implies a short optical pathway, which often results in poor concentration sensitivity, CL has been trying to resolve this main drawback [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis

2010

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Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresisThe present review presents the state of the art of the developments, key strategies and analytical applications of chemiluminescence detection coupled to CE (CE-CL). Different parts considering the most common CL systems have been included, such as the tris(2,2 0 -bipyridine)ruthenium(II) system, the luminol and derivatives reaction, the peroxyoxalate CL or direct oxidations. New advances in homemade configurations and applications in different fields such as clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis have been included. The focus is on studies which appeared from 2000 to the end of 2009.

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Section: Po Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis

2010

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“…The feature of low sample consumption also makes it very promising for biological analysis. However, its application is limited partially owing to the low sensitivity caused by the short optical path in the case of UV detection [5]. Thus, sensitive detection schemes, such as LIF [3,6], MS [7,8], electrochemical methods [9,10] and energy transfer [11], are often adopted to overcome this limitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐emitting‐diode‐induced chemiluminescence detection for capillary electrophoresis

Zhang

et al. 2009

Electrophoresis

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In this work, an LED-induced-chemiluminescence (LED-CL) system was developed to extend the application of CL detection in CE. In the LED-CL, the analyte photooxidizes luminol under the irradiation of LEDs and generates CL. Taking the advantage of the small size nature of LEDs, the constructed photoreactor is greatly miniaturized, and especially suitable as a CE detector. The feasibility of the proposed detector was evaluated by detection of riboflavin (RF), flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) after CE separation. Under the optimized conditions, the LODs for RF, FMN and FAD were 0.007, 0.02 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively, better than those by UV detection. The RSDs were 3.4, 3.6 and 4.1% for 0.5 mg/mL RF, 2 mg/mL FMN and 5 mg/mL FAD, respectively. The LED-CL detector features low cost, miniaturization, fast response, high sensitivity and good reproducibility.

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“…It has been used in FIA, HPLC, [1][2][3][4] and capillary electrophoresis. [5][6][7][8][9] Recently, CL detection is also estimated to be one of the most matched detection methods to the micro total analysis system (µ-TAS), because CL does not require any light source or spectroscopes. 10,11 The CL from synthetic compounds, including luminol, peroxyoxalate ester, ruthenium complex, lophine derivative, acridinium ester, and adamantyldioxetane compound, have been known for a long time, and many analytical applications of them have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of FIA Equipped with a Chemiluminescence Detector Using a Mixed Reagent of Luminol and 1,10-Phenanthroline

2003

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Absorbance and fluorescence phenomena have been the most basic principles for the detection technique in an instrumental analysis. Also, chemiluminescence (CL), which has a profound relationship to their detection principles, has received much attention as an attractive detection technique. CL detection has the followings characteristics: highly sensitive, determinable over a wide range, easy to operate, and inexpensive apparatus and reagent. It has been used in FIA, HPLC, 1-4 and capillary electrophoresis. [5][6][7][8][9] Recently, CL detection is also estimated to be one of the most matched detection methods to the micro total analysis system (µ-TAS), because CL does not require any light source or spectroscopes. 10,11 The CL from synthetic compounds, including luminol, peroxyoxalate ester, ruthenium complex, lophine derivative, acridinium ester, and adamantyldioxetane compound, have been known for a long time, and many analytical applications of them have been reported. [12][13][14] The CL emitted by luminol is remarkably enhanced by a catalyst, such as metal ions. 15 This has been used for the determination of small amounts of metal ions and their complexes. The reaction of peroxyoxalate reagents, such as bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) and H2O2, induces CL through energy transport to co-existing fluorescence compounds. 16 The peroxyoxalate CL reaction, which can detect fluorescence-labeled compounds, is useful and attractive in CL analyses, because the labeling for fluorescence methods has been widely investigated and the technique can be easily applied for CL detection using peroxyoxalate reagents.Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ion (Ru(bpy)3 2+ ) has also been utilized as a CL reagent, where Ru(bpy)3 3+ , which is obtained electrochemically, oxidizes various organic amines. 17 The oxidant, Ru(bpy)3 3+, generally reacts best with tertiary, next with secondary, and with primary alkyl amines. The CL reaction was utilized to determine antibiotic compounds, like erythromycin and clindomycin, which both possess reactive tertiary amine groups. 18,19 However, compared to absorption and fluorescence detections, it is possible that CL detection lacks generality in its use. In order to solve this problem, many scientists have tried to synthesize novel CL reagents and to explore more effective analytical conditions. 2 New reaction phases or interfaces to change the CL property also been introduced into the CL reaction for a trace analysis of metal ions, H2O2, dyestuffs, etc. 20,21The local microenvironment in ordered surfactant assemblies, such as micelles, reversed micelles, and bilayer membranes, resulted in significant improvements in the analytical performance of CL reaction systems. For example, the CL mechanism in 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) oxidation during the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 was reported in 1982 by Fedorova et al., 22 and Ishii et al. found out micellar enhanced CL using phen-H2O2-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system to determine Cu(II) at the sub-picogram level. 23 We stud...

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Recent developments in chemiluminescence and photochemical reaction detection for capillary electrophoresis

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis

Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis

Light‐emitting‐diode‐induced chemiluminescence detection for capillary electrophoresis

Development of FIA Equipped with a Chemiluminescence Detector Using a Mixed Reagent of Luminol and 1,10-Phenanthroline

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