Recent developments in the synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of core/shell superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with gold

Abstract

In the last decade, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), especially superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), have immensely promoted the advancement of diagnostics and theranostics in the biomedical field. The unique properties of the SPIONs-core and the functional gold (Au)-shell together (SPIONS/Au core/shell or CS) have a wide range of biomedical applications including, but not limited to, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dual modality MRI/computed tomography (CT), photo-induced and magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), drug delivery, biosensors, and bio-separation. Researchers have made much effort to develop synthesis strategies for size control and surface modifications to achieve the desired properties of these CSs for applications in in vitro and in vivo studies. This review highlights recent developments in the synthesis and biomedical applications of SPIONs/Au CSs, including γ-FeO/Au (maghemite), FeO/Au (magnetite), and MFeO/Au (M = divalent metal ions) in the past seven years. More importantly, current trends of SPIONs/Au in relation to the biochemical industry are surveyed. Finally, we outline the developmental needs of SPIONs/Au from the perspective of material synthesis and their novel applications in disease diagnosis and treatment in the near future.

HIV‐1 Tat Peptide‐Gemcitabine Gold (III)‐PEGylated Complex—Nanoflowers: A Sleek Thermosensitive Hybrid Nanocarrier as Prospective Anticancer

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“…The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), nanoscale-sized molecules are present in nature. They harbour favourable features for their usage in the nano-biomedicine, that is, imaging therapy (Akbarzadeh et al 2012 (Cristea et al 2017;Sabale et al 2017). Using IONPs coupled with IgG has allowed enhanced detection limit (10 4 CFU/mL) of bacterial cells significantly by using nano-MALDI platforms (Chiu, 2014).…”

“…Efficacy of super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles has also been tried for improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of MRI systems in TB detection (Sabale et al 2017). This method is more effective for the diagnosis of TB at the molecular level and also provides a valuable tool for the analysis of antibodyantigen and parasite-host interactions.…”

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“…It is important to control the rise of temperature in order to induce cell death by apoptosis process and not by necrosis [40][41]. For that, the temperature have not to exceed 47°C and the temperature to reach in vivo is inferior to the temperature we need in vitro due to the microenvironment [42,43]. The power density of laser we used was 1.5 W/cm², it is less than the majority of power density reported in the literature (2 -22 W/cm²) but the objective is to decrease this value up to 0.2 W/cm².…”