“…At the time when the CALICE test beam programme was proposed, there were significant uncertainties in the simulation of shower shapes, and the predictions for the radius, for example, varied between models by up to a factor of two (Mavromanolakis and Ward, 2004). In the meantime, following detailed comparisons with LHC test-beam data, major revisions of all stages of the simulation code have been undertaken (Apostolakis et al, 2010;Dotti et al, 2011) For example, the range of the string-based model has been extended towards lower energy, and in particular the diffraction based Fritiof model does not need any recursion to the old parameterised models to bridge the gap to the low energy cascade models. Also an experimental list was implemented, based on the chiral invariant phase space (CHIPS) model, which covers the full energy range, but is not finally tuned yet.…”