Recent Trends on Biosensors in Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals: An Overview

Abstract

A biosensor provides a strategy for the detection of microbiological signals through various chemical, biological and physical technology and is an analytical, high-sensitivity rapid tool in pharmaceutical and health care applications. For the detection of biomolecules and micro-organisms, they use biological sensing elements. The use of these devices is becoming increasingly important in the fields of drug discovery, food protection, defence, pharmaceuticals and safety. With the advance of biological techniques and instrumentation involving fluorescent tags, sensitive limits for biosensors are increased. Peptide array, nucleotides, molecules printed polymers, or aptamers have also been developed to create innovative biosensors. More precise and adaptive bio-sensors with high regenerative potential have been developed by other approaches. Nanomaterial, polymers, aptamers are produced with a wide variety of biosensors. It is vital to design biosensors using different approaches to further explore their useful applications. In light of this, this analysis will give an overview of several biomedical and environmental sensors, including fluorescence labelling, Nanomaterials, electrochemical, silicon and quartz, as well as possible prospects for biosensor technology. In addition, this analysis is designed for the analysis. The work of biosensors, concepts, shapes and applications is discussed as further useful information in this study.

Nanosensors in the detection of antihypertension drugs, a golden step for medication adherence monitoring

“…When an analyte molecule binds to the membrane, the mass of the membrane changes. The final change in mass therefore changes the resonant frequency of the transducer [ 85 ]. Thermal biosensors use the properties of basic biological reactions, such as heat generation and absorption, to change the temperature during the reaction [ 83 ].…”

Enzyme Immobilized Nanoparticles Towards Biosensor Fabrication

“…The generated heat may affect the enzyme stability and integration, which in turn affect the proficiency of the biosensors [67]. Accordingly, enzyme-devoid biosensors are gaining applicational significance in recent times towards biomedical applications [68]. However, the efficiency corresponding to such enzyme-devoid biosensors, is not on par with the enzymeimmobilized, nanomaterial-based biosensors [69,70].…”

High Frequency (100, 150 MHz) Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Piezoelectric Genosensor for the Determination of the Escherichia coli O157 rfbE Gene

“…Conventional QCMD-based biosensors use resonance frequencies between 5 and 30 MHz. It is expected that the use of resonators with high fundamental frequencies (HFF resonators) would improve the sensitivity and reduce reagent consumption (Polshettiwar et al 2021). The improvement in sensitivity arises from the relationship between the fundamental resonance frequency and frequency shift due to a given mass, f=2.26910 -15 f 2 m (Sauerbrey 1959).…”