Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) in the Sub-6 GHz Band: Design, Implementation, and Real-World Demonstration

Araghi, Ali; Khalily, Mohsen; Safaei, Mahmood; Bagheri, Amirmasood; Singh, Vikrant; Fan, Wei; Tafazolli, Rahim

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3140278

Cited by 144 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Phased array technologies that have recently emerged, include antenna arrays with a large number of elements, that can be placed compactly in a small amount of space to form Ultra-Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (UM-MIMO), based on an array with an ultra large number of elements, that can offer beamforming gains to overcome the severe path losses [47]. Reflective Intelligent Surface (RIS), is another enabling technology that differs from phased arrays, as it has no RF chain requirements, and allows optimization of the direction of the propagating wave that is directed upon it, by varying the Electro-Magnetic (EM) properties of the antennas via electronic control [48]. An RIS essentially would be employed to enhance the received signal when the direct path is not available.…”

Section: B Enabling Technologies For Thz Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: A Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Serghiou

Khalily

Brown

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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135

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The Terahertz (THz) band (0.3-3.0 THz), spans a great portion of the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum that is mostly unoccupied and unregulated. It is a potential candidate for application in Sixth-Generation (6G) wireless networks, as it has the capabilities of satisfying the high data rate and capacity requirements of future wireless communication systems. Profound knowledge of the propagation channel is crucial in communication systems design, which nonetheless is still at its infancy, as channel modeling at THz frequencies has been mostly limited to characterizing fixed Point-to-Point (PtP) scenarios up to 300 GHz. Provided the technology matures enough and models adapt to the distinctive characteristics of the THz wave, future wireless communication systems will enable a plethora of new use cases and applications to be realized, in addition to delivering higher spectral efficiencies that would ultimately enhance the Quality-of-Service (QoS) to the end user. In this paper, we provide an insight into THz channel propagation characteristics, measurement capabilities, and modeling techniques for 6G communication applications, along with guidelines and recommendations that will aid future characterization efforts in the THz band. We survey the most recent and important measurement campaigns and modeling efforts found in literature, based on the use cases and system requirements identified. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of measurement and modeling at such high frequencies and contemplate the future research outlook toward realizing the 6G vision.

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Section: B Enabling Technologies For Thz Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: A Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Serghiou

Khalily

Brown

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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135

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“…There are various different technologies allowing the electronic control of the unit cell properties for instance by PIN diodes, varactor diodes, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), liquid crystal (LC) substrates, or integrated circuits [39], [41], [40]. Similar technologies are also envisioned for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in the realm of 5G/6G wireless infrastructures, even though they are intended to operate under considerable different environmental conditions compared to classical reflect-/transmitarray antennas [247], [248], [249], [250], [251], [252].…”

Section: ) Reflectarray and Transmitarray Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Satellite, fifth generation (5G), and sixth generation (6G) mobile communication systems operating at micro-and millimeter wave frequencies are an essential pillar in advanced network architectures for high-throughput low latency services. The decisive factors for this current development were the significant technological advances accomplished over the last two decades, which meanwhile enable highly integrated, feature-rich, and cost-effective realizations of complete phased array transceiver topologies. Motivated through the today's trend for heterogeneous constellation types to provide truly global coverage, this contribution reviews the current state-of-the-art of electronically steerable antennas for terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication systems up to 100 GHz. First, the potential benefits and limitations of the most relevant technologies are contrasted and put into context with recent system architectures for adaptive beamforming. Their operating principles along with various experimental implementation and achievements providing advanced capabilities such as multi-band/multi-beam operation, polarization agility, and wideangle scanning are thoroughly presented. Particular emphasis is laid on the review of direct radiating arrays, quasi-optical antenna configurations, and metasurface-based antennas.INDEX TERMS Satellite communications on the move (SOTM), fifth generation (5G), sixth generation (6G), hybrid satellite constellations, aerial networks, electronic steering, phased array, antennas.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. TOBIAS CHALOUN (Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.-Ing. degree and the Dr.-Ing. degree (with hons.

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“…Based on this concept, coating a window with optically transparent electromagnetic engineering transmission surfaces can be a flexible, simple and inexpensive solution to fully realize the potentials of 5G promising indoor network infrastructure. FSSs are essentially a periodic Eelctromagnetic surface composed ) allow packing of a large number of unit cells in a constrained space [3]are highly useful for transmission surface printed on a windows and in many other are highly useful for many applications with limited space. In this work, a wide-incidence angle and polarisation insensitive optically transparent metasurface for 5G outdoor to indoor coverage enhancement is demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic function of the FSS, as its name suggests, is to provide a certain frequency response for a plane wave to transmit through the surface. However, Metasurfaces ( λ 30 < d < λ 2) allow packing of a large number of unit cells in a constrained space[3]are highly useful for transmission surface printed on a windows and in many other are highly useful for many applications with limited space. In this work, a wide-incidence angle and polarisation insensitive optically transparent metasurface for 5G outdoor to indoor coverage enhancement is demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Incidence Angle and Polarisation Insensitive Transparent Metasurface for 5G Outdoor to Indoor Coverage Enhancement

Danesh

Bagheri

Khalily

2022

2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI)

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A wide-incident angle and polarisation insensitive transparent metasurface is presented for 5G outdoor to indoor coverage enhancement. In order to predict the structural geometry of the unit cell, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been applied. The proposed unit cell is arranged in a periodic structure to construct the transmission surface consisting of tow transparent layers of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) mounted on both sides of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate. The proposed transmission metasurface can be simply coated on a glassy windows to empower the outdoor to indoor 5G signals.

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) in the Sub-6 GHz Band: Design, Implementation, and Real-World Demonstration

Cited by 144 publications

References 36 publications

Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: A Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: A Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

Wide-Incidence Angle and Polarisation Insensitive Transparent Metasurface for 5G Outdoor to Indoor Coverage Enhancement

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