Reconstruction of blood propagation in three-dimensional rotational X-ray angiography (3D-RA)

The influence of contrast agent injection on physiological flow in the circle of Willis

“…Although several papers reported that contrast agent injection alters the physiological blood flow [20,55,21], later studies tend to ignore this [15,54,56]. The results presented in this paper clearly show that, although the temporal variations of the m-factor can be neglected (Fig.…”

“…In general, this effect is not observed earlier than 5 s after the start of injection, while the duration varies from several seconds [46] up to several minutes [53]. As long as the measurements are performed within 5 s after starting the injections, and the time between two subsequent measurements is a few minutes [54], the pharmacological effect can be neglected as well.…”

Model-based blood flow quantification from rotational angiography

“…All existing approaches are based on analysing changes in the X-ray image intensity due to changes of the contrast agent concentration. Shpilfoygel et al (2000) have given a comprehensive review of established techniques, which include: techniques based on bolus tracking using time intensity curves (TICs) at different sites along a vessel (Rutishauser et al, 1970;Yerushalmi and Itzchak, 1976;Silverman and Rosen, 1977;Hoehne et al, 1978;Kruger et al, 1983;Fencil et al, 1989;Schmitt et al, 2002;Schmitt et al, 2005;Bogunovic and Loncaric, 2006); techniques based on distance intensity curves (DICs) at different points in time (Colchester et al, 1986;Seifalian et al, 1989;Hoffmann et al, 1991;Brunt et al, 1992;Shpilfoygel et al, 1998;Bladin et al, 1996;Rhode et al, 2005); techniques based on optical flow (Fitzpatrick, 1985;Efron et al, 1978;Amini et al, 1993;Imbert et al, 1995;Huang et al, 1997;Rhode et al, 2001); and techniques based on first pass distribution analysis (Molloi et al, 1998(Molloi et al, , 2004.…”

Four Dimensional Intravenous Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Subtraction Angiography

“…This optimized algorithm for performing subtraction is ideally suited for our application to provide similar images and volumes. Schmitt et al 42,43 investigated dynamic blood propagation by the superposition of concurrent 2D cine DSA data onto 3D rotational angiographic reconstruction. However, this provided only an estimate of blood flow, not quantitative wash-in/wash-out measurements.…”