Recovery of fertility after use of the Levonorgestrel 20 mcg/d or copper T 380 Ag intrauterine device

The non-contraceptive effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

“…A few other clinical trials with smaller study populations have been reported from China comparing the IUD that releases 2/zg of levonorgestrel daily (LNG-IUD-02) with IUDs made in China [17,18], or the LNG-IUD-20 with Norplant implants [19,20]. Other aspects of the LNG-IUD-20, like return of fertility [15,[21][22][23], use by postpartum and/or lactating women [24,25], or using the LNG-IUD-20 as a treatment for menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea [13,[26][27][28][29], have been reported sporadically, mostly by Scandinavian or British investigators.…”

“…In the European Study [22], 79.1 per 100 LNG-IUD-20 users and 71.2 per 100 Nova-T users became pregnant within 12 months after removal. The Population Council Study [15,23] showed that return of fertility in LNG-IUD-20 users after removal was as rapid as in women discontinuing use of the copper-releasing IUDs. Duration of use did not affect pregnancy rates.…”

Three-year efficacy and safety of a new 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

“…Intrauterine contraceptives can prevent pregnancy for several years, with efficacy equivalent to contraceptive sterilization [5]. When intrauterine contraceptives are removed, the return to fertility is rapid [6][7][8].…”

Expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) during the window of implantation in copper T380A intrauterine device users

“…Several investigators have examined the recovery of fertility after the use of various types of IUDs. All agree that the pregnancy rates after IUD removal remain lower than in control women for up to three months, whereas one year after IUD removal pregnancy rates are over 90% [23][24][25] . Cohen et al estimated that 30% of women became pregnant within 1 month 24 .…”