Recycling Rhizopus oryzae resting cells as biocatalyst to prepare near eutectic palmitic-stearic acid mixtures from non-edible fat

Combining biocatalysts to achieve new phase change materials. Application to non-edible animal fat

“…CO 2 was obtained from Messer Iberica de Gases S.A (Tarragona, Spain). Rhizopus oryzae resting cells were prepared as described by Gallart-Sirvent et al [36]. Immobilized lipase-B from C. antarctica (Novozym® 435) was a gift sample from Novozymes A/S (Bagsvaerd, Denmark).…”

“…The bio-catalytic hydrolysis of the fat and the separation of the resulting free fatty acids by crystallization was performed following the procedure already described [36]. Thus, we added 20 g of water to each 50-mL Falcon® Conical Centrifuge tube (six in total) each containing 20 g of animal fat and 2 g of Rhizopus oryzae resting cells.…”

“…The remaining fatty matter recovered from the supercritical CO 2 extraction of the biocatalyst was joined to the non-aqueous phase previously obtained. The resulting non-aqueous viscous liquid (113.58 g, 93% yield) was titrated in duplicate to determine the degree of hydrolysis [36] of the fatty matter (95% of hydrolysis degree). The fatty matter was crystallized with ethanol 1/6 (w/v) at -20 ºC for 24 h. The mother liquor was concentrated, yielding 81.84 g of a highly unsaturated fatty acid mixture.…”

“…Table 1 shows the isolated yields of the esters synthesized. [36]. The use of such vials facilitates the separation of product and biocatalyst by centrifugation at the end of the reaction.…”

“…First at all, the epoxidation using immobilized CAL-B in a solvent-free media and the epoxide opening with hot water were studied in commercial oleic acid. Subsequently, the non-edible animal fat was hydrolyzed using a bio-catalytic procedure recently described [36], and the crude free acids were split into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The unsaturated fatty acids yielded DHSA in the conditions previously studied with commercial oleic acid.…”