Non-edible animal fat waste as a source of phase change materials.

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The thermal properties of various alkyl threo-9, 10-dihydroxystearates (DHSEs) prepared from non-edible fat were studied. Non-edible animal fat was hydrolyzed in a 93% yield with R. oryzae resting cells. Crude unsaturated fatty acids were recovered from the matter liquor resulting from a crystallization performed to achieve the saturated fatty acids. These unsaturated free fatty acids were epoxidized with 30% H 2 O 2 using immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase-B *Manuscript Click here to view linked References (CAL-B) as biocatalyst. The epoxy ring was cleaved with hot water in the presence of tertbutanol (t-BuOH). Pure threo-9, 10-dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) from animal fat was recovered by crystallization (51% yield). Subsequently, DHSA was esterified in -limonene using biocatalysts yielding twelve DHSEs (58-90% yield). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of these esters revealed potential latent heats ranging from 136.83 kJ•kg-1 to 234.22 kJ•kg-1 and melting temperatures from 52.45 ºC to 76.88 ºC. Finally, the compounds with enthalpies above 200 kJ•kg-1 were subjected to 100 and 1000 thermal cycles. These experiments showed that these products present good thermal reliability.