Red blood cells radial dispersion in blood flowing through microchannels: The role of temperature

Pinho, Diana; Rodrigues, Raquel; Faustino, Vera; Yaginuma, T.; Exposto, José; Lima, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.11.037

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The pathological RBCs were obtained from a patient diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type II. More detailed information regarding the preparation of the in vitro blood samples can be found at [49] .…”

Section: Working Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible PDMS microparticles to mimic RBCs in blood particulate analogue fluids

Pinho

Muñoz-Sánchez

Anes

et al. 2019

Mechanics Research Communications

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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has a wide variety of commercial and industrial applications due to its mechanical and rheological properties in a range similar to the living tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that PDMS can be used to produce deformable microparticles to be integrated in the development of particulate blood analogue fluids. The difficulties associated with the use of in vitro blood make it necessary to perform in vitro experiments of blood flow with blood analogue fluids. However, an ideal analogue must match the rheology of blood at several points, and for that, blood analogue fluids should be a suspension of microparticles with similar properties (size, shape and flexibility) to blood cells, in particular to the red blood cells (RBCs). The microparticles used in this study were produced from a transparent PDMS with crosslinking ratios of 10:1, 8:2 and 6:4; from a black PDMS with a ratio of 1:1 and from a red-pigmented PDMS. Each PDMS microparticles sample was suspended in Dextran 40 to perform deformability assays and cell-free layer analysis in a hyperbolic-shaped microchannel and steady shear viscosity measurements in a rheometer. The proposed microparticles suspensions show a great potential to mimic the structural and rheological properties of RBC suspensions and consequently to develop blood analogue fluids with rheological properties similar to real blood.

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Section: Working Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible PDMS microparticles to mimic RBCs in blood particulate analogue fluids

Pinho

Muñoz-Sánchez

Anes

et al. 2019

Mechanics Research Communications

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“…Most of the blood microchannel flow studies in the literature pertain to shear flow conditions [1][2][3]8,15 usually not taking into account the elastic nature of blood. However, in a more…”

Section: E Microchannels Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CFL is influenced by the formation of aggregates, cell interactions and deformability, hematocrit, flow rate, viscosity, and geometry 6,7 and is a microscopic level phenomenon that occurs in microfluidic devices 2,6,8,9 and in microvessels [10][11][12] with dimensions in the range of 300 lm down to 10 lm. Several studies have been performed both in vivo 11,13,14 and in vitro 2,9,[15][16][17][18] to better understand the CFL formation, which influences its thickness and the advantages and disadvantages of the presence of this layer in the human microcirculatory system 6 and in microchannels. 8,16,19 It is also important to refer that in real blood, there is a migration of white blood cells from the core towards the wall region of the vessels, a phenomenon called margination, 20,21 but this issue is outside the scope of this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35,36 CampoDeaño et al 37 have successfully developed whole blood analogues based on sucrose and dimethylsulfoxide with XG having viscosity curves and viscoelastic moduli similar to whole human blood and in addition demonstrated that these analogues are suitable to be used in polydymethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices due to their refractive index matching. However, in vitro blood flow experiments have shown that it is crucial to take into account the blood elements, 1,2,15 in particular when in vitro flow studies intend to investigate microcirculation phenomena occurring at hematocrits of about 20%-25%. For instance, Lima and co-workers 1,2 have visualized and measured cell-cell interactions, and they have shown that RBC radial dispersion tends to increase with cell concentration and may influence the blood mass transport mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro particulate analogue fluids for experimental studies of rheological and hemorheological behavior of glucose-rich RBC suspensions

et al. 2017

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Suspensions of healthy and pathological red blood cells (RBC) flowing in microfluidic devices are frequently used to perform in vitro blood experiments for a better understanding of human microcirculation hemodynamic phenomena. This work reports the development of particulate viscoelastic analogue fluids able to mimic the rheological and hemorheological behavior of pathological RBC suspensions flowing in microfluidic systems. The pathological RBCs were obtained by an incubation of healthy RBCs at a high concentration of glucose, representing the pathological stage of hyperglycaemia in diabetic complications, and analyses of their deformability and aggregation were carried out. Overall, the developed in vitro analogue fluids were composed of a suspension of semi-rigid microbeads in a carrier viscoelastic fluid made of dextran 40 and xanthan gum. All suspensions of healthy and pathological RBCs, as well as their particulate analogue fluids, were extensively characterized in steady shear flow, as well as in small and large amplitude oscillatory shear flow. In addition, the well-known cell-free layer (CFL) phenomenon occurring in microchannels was investigated in detail to provide comparisons between healthy and pathological in vitro RBC suspensions and their corresponding analogue fluids at different volume concentrations (5% and 20%). The experimental results have shown a similar rheological behavior between the samples containing a suspension of pathological RBCs and the proposed analogue fluids. Moreover, this work shows that the particulate in vitro analogue fluids used have the ability to mimic well the CFL phenomenon occurring downstream of a microchannel contraction for pathological RBC suspensions. The proposed particulate fluids provide a more realistic behavior of the flow properties of suspended RBCs when compared with existing non-particulate blood analogues, and consequently, they are advantageous for detailed investigations of microcirculation.

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“…By decreasing the tube diameter there is a decrease of the apparent viscosity, due to the migration of RBCs towards the core flow and consequent increase of the CFL thickness around the walls. These microscale hemodynamic phenomena play an important role in blood mass transport mechanisms [3,11]. The CFL thickness depends of several factors such as cell concentration, deformability, vessel diameter, cell aggregation, flow rate, presence of microbubbles and geometry of the microchannels [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro blood flow visualizations and cell-free layer (CFL) measurements in a microchannel network

Bento

Fernandes

Miranda

et al. 2019

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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Microvascular networks are not simple straight microchannels but rather complex geometries composed by successive asymmetric divergent and convergent bifurcations. Despite the extensive research work in this field, still lack of knowledge about the blood flow behavior in microvascular networks. The current study applies the most current advanced visualization and microfabrication techniques to provide further insights into to the blood flow in network geometries. Hence, by using a high-speed video microscopy system, blood flow measurements and visualizations of the cell-free layer (CFL) were performed along a microchannel network composed by several divergent and convergent bifurcations. The inlet flow rate was kept constant whereas the hematocrit (Hct) and the depth of the geometry was changed in order to evaluate their effects into the CFL thickness. The results, show clearly that the Hct has a significant impact on the CFL thickness whereas the effect of reducing the depth did not contribute to a noticeable change on the CFL. In addition, the in vitro blood flow results reported here provide for the first time that in microfluidic devices having several asymmetric confluences it is likely to have the formation of several CFLs not only around the walls but also in middle of the main channels just downstream of the last confluence apex. Although, to best of our knowledge there is no evidence that this kind of flow phenomenon also happens in vivo, we believe that for microvascular networks with similar geometries and under similar flow conditions tested in this work, this kind of phenomenon may also happen in vivo. Furthermore, the results from this study could be extremely helpful to validate current numerical microvascular network models and to develop more realistic multiphase numerical models of blood flow in microcirculation.the vessel size dependent effective viscosity (known as Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect) [2,6]. By decreasing the tube diameter there is a decrease of the apparent viscosity, due to the migration of RBCs towards the core flow and consequent increase of the CFL thickness around the walls. These microscale hemodynamic phenomena play an important role in blood mass transport mechanisms [3,11]. The CFL thickness depends of several factors such as cell concentration, deformability, vessel diameter, cell aggregation, flow rate, presence of microbubbles and geometry of the microchannels [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. For instance, by increasing the concentration of RBCs, i.e., increasing the hematocrit (Hct), there is a decrease of CFL thickness [17,21].The bifurcations are geometries extremely common in both microvessels and microfluidic devices and it is important to improve our current understanding regarding the influence of the bifurcations and confluences on the blood flow behavior at a microscale level. As a result, several numerical and in vitro blood flow studies have investigated the effect these complex https://doi.

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Red blood cells radial dispersion in blood flowing through microchannels: The role of temperature

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Flexible PDMS microparticles to mimic RBCs in blood particulate analogue fluids

Flexible PDMS microparticles to mimic RBCs in blood particulate analogue fluids

In vitro particulate analogue fluids for experimental studies of rheological and hemorheological behavior of glucose-rich RBC suspensions

In vitro blood flow visualizations and cell-free layer (CFL) measurements in a microchannel network

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