Red meat consumption, obesity, and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among women: Evidence from mediation analysis

Kim, Mi Na; Lo, Chun‐Han; Corey, Kathleen E.; Luo, Xiao; Lü, Long; Zhang, Xuehong; Chan, Andrew T.; Simon, Tracey G.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.014

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Pro-inflammatory dietary nutrients — such as total, saturated and trans fats — might contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD by promoting low-grade systemic inflammation [ 18 ]. Overconsumption will also contribute to a higher deposition of triglycerides in the liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between an inflammatory diet index and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study of 171,544 UK Biobank participants

Petermann‐Rocha

Wirth

Boonpor

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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Background Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to inflammation, whether an inflammatory diet increases the risk of NAFLD is unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between the Energy-adjusted Diet Inflammatory Index (E-DII) score and severe NAFLD using UK Biobank. Methods This prospective cohort study included 171,544 UK Biobank participants. The E-DII score was computed using 18 food parameters. Associations between the E-DII and incident severe NAFLD (defined as hospital admission or death) were first investigated by E-DII categories (very/moderately anti-inflammatory [E-DII < − 1], neutral [E-DII − 1 to 1] and very/moderately pro-inflammatory [E-DII > 1]) using Cox proportional hazard models. Nonlinear associations were investigated using penalised cubic splines fitted into the Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results Over a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 1489 participants developed severe NAFLD. After adjusting for confounders, individuals in the very/moderately pro-inflammatory category had a higher risk (HR: 1.19 [95% CI: 1.03 to 1.38]) of incident severe NAFLD compared with those in the very/moderately anti-inflammatory category. There was some evidence of nonlinearity between the E-DII score and severe NAFLD. Conclusions Pro-inflammatory diets were associated with a higher risk of severe NAFLD independent of confounders such as the components of the metabolic syndrome. Considering there is no recommended treatment for the disease, our findings suggest a potential means to lower the risk of NAFLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between an inflammatory diet index and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study of 171,544 UK Biobank participants

Petermann‐Rocha

Wirth

Boonpor

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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“…However, the harmful effects of high meat consumption on liver fat might be largely driven by a parallel increase in BMI 128 , as also shown for the MD. Nevertheless, selected studies have even reported an increased risk of fibrosis in NAFLD patients with high red/processed meat consumption 123 .…”

Section: Red and Processed Meatmentioning

confidence: 56%

Eating, diet, and nutrition for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Semmler¹,

Datz²,

Trauner³

2023

Clin Mol Hepatol

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Shire, speaker fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Falk, Gilead, Intercept and MSD, as well as travel support from AbbVie, Falk, Gilead, and Intercept. He is also co-inventor of patents on the medical use of 24-norursodeoxycholic acid. List of abbreviations: BMIbody mass index; CAPcontrolled attenuation parameter; DNLde-novo lipogenesis; HCDhigh-carbohydrate diet; IFintermittent fasting; IHLCintrahepatic lipid content; LCDlow-carbohydrate diet; LSMliver stiffness measurement; MD -Mediterranean diet; MUFAmono-unsaturated fatty acids; NAFLDnon-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASHnon-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PUFApoly-unsaturated fatty acids; RCTrandomized controlled trial; SFAsaturated fatty acids; SSB -Sugar-sweetened beverages; TRFtime-restricted feeding;

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“…In addition, sensitivity analyses suggested that this association, while persisting across the many adjusted nutrient models, was no longer significant after adjustment for red meat. The association between red meat consumption and NAFLD risk is increasingly being reported [42][43][44] although fish and other seafood are the main dietary sources of LCPUFA. However, the 1995 National Nutrition Survey from Australia showed that close to 43% of LCPUFA intake came from meat, poultry and game products and dishes [45], and among Australian teenagers this proportion increased further to 49%, surpassing that of seafood sources (37%) [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is associated with trajectories of fatty liver disease: an 8 year follow-up study from adolescence to young adulthood

et al. 2022

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Background and aim Dietary fat intake has long been associated with fatty liver. Our study aimed to determine the effect of dietary fats on longitudinal fatty liver index (FLI) trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods Nine hundred eighty-five participants in the Raine Study, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, had cross-sectional assessments at ages 14, 17, 20 and 22 years, during which anthropometric measurements and blood tests were obtained. FLI trajectories were derived from the longitudinal FLI results. Dietary fat intake was measured with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at 14 years and log multinominal regression analyses were used to estimate relative risks. Results Three FLI trajectories were identified and labelled as stable-low (79.1%, N = 782), low-to-high (13.9%, N = 132), and stable-high (7%, N = 71). The low-to-high group associated with an increased intake of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA, DPA and DHA (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10–1.48) relative to the stable-low group. Compared to the stable-low group, omega-6 and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in the stable-high group were associated with an increased relative risk of 1.34 (95% CI 1.02–1.76) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.03–1.16), respectively. Conclusion For those at high risk of fatty liver in early adolescence, high omega-6 fatty acid intake and a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids are associated with increased risk of fatty liver. There should be caution in assuming these associations are causal due to possible undetected and underestimated confounding factors.

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Red meat consumption, obesity, and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among women: Evidence from mediation analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 73 publications

Associations between an inflammatory diet index and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study of 171,544 UK Biobank participants

Associations between an inflammatory diet index and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study of 171,544 UK Biobank participants

Eating, diet, and nutrition for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Prospective dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is associated with trajectories of fatty liver disease: an 8 year follow-up study from adolescence to young adulthood

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