Reduction of 5G cellular network radiation in wireless mobile phone using an asymmetric square shaped passive metamaterial design

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of metamaterial application in absorption reduction of 5G electromagnetic (EM) energy in the human head tissue. In a general sense, the radio frequency (RF) energy that received by wireless mobile phone from the base station, will emit to surrounding when the devices are in active mode. Since the latest fifth generation technology standard for cellular networks is upon us, the emission of radiation from any wireless devices needs to be taken into consideration. This motivation helps to prepare this paper that focuses on construction of novel and compact square-shaped metamaterial (SM) design to reduce electromagnetic exposure to humans. The commercially available substrate material known as FR-4 with thickness of 1.6 mm was selected to place the metamaterial design on it. The electromagnetic properties and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analyses were carried out numerically by utilising high-performance 3D EM analysis, Computer Simulation Technology Studio (CST) software. Meanwhile, for the validation purpose, the metamaterial designs for both unit and array cells were fabricated to measure the electromagnetic properties of the material. From the numerical simulation, the introduced SM design manifested quadruple resonance frequencies in multi bands precisely at 1.246 (at L-band), 3.052, 3.794 (at S-band), and 4.858 (C-band) GHz. However, the comparison of numerically simulated and measured data reveals a slight difference between them where only the second resonance frequency was decreased by 0.009 GHz while other frequencies were increased by 0.002, 0.045, and 0.117 GHz in sequential order. Moreover, the SAR analysis recorded high values at 3.794 GHz with 61.16% and 70.33% for 1 g and 10 g of tissue volumes, respectively. Overall, our results demonstrate strong SAR reduction effects, and the proposed SM design may be considered a promising aspect in the telecommunication field.

A co-polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber for 5G n78 mobile devices at 3.5 GHz to reduce the specific absorption rate

“… Ref. Publication year Design of metamaterial patch Material and thickness of substrate Dimension of MMA Type of Antenna used Verified by proper equivalent circuit Metamaterial property with absorption at 3.5 GHz (For n78 devices) Novelty 27 2021 FR4 1.574 mm 5 × 5 Dipole-inspired patch antenna No No Metamaterial antenna for 4G, 5G, and NB-IoT applications 28 2021 FR4 1.574 mm 5 × 5 Folded dipole antenna No No Metamaterial antenna for 4G and 5G applications 22 2021 FR4 1.6 mm 14 × 14 No specific antenna was proposed No No Random absorptions at L, S, and C Bands This work 2022 FR4 1.6 mm 9.8 × 9.8 Planer sleeve monopole antenna Yes Yes Metamaterial absorber designed solely at 3.5 GHz for SAR reduction (from n78 devices) …”

“…The SAR value of GSM/UMTS/LTE antennas is already within allowed values, but 5G antennas have shown considerably high SAR values due to higher operational frequencies 4 , 21 . Thus MMAs can be introduced for 5G devices to reduce SAR due to 5G antennas 22 . These MMA should be co-polarization insensitive and not be a perfect absorber.…”

Performance Analysis of Wearable Dual-Band Patch Antenna Based on EBG and SRR Surfaces

“…Thus, the SRR has an advantage over the EBG, because the phase and the energy of the electromagnetic waves in the double-negative media flow in opposite directions, which makes the wave move in a backward direction. For such interesting electromagnetic characteristics of the SRR there are several applications, including antenna design, electromagnetic cloaking, and SAR reduction [ 17 ], and it is considered in this paper for a wearable antenna design.…”

Development of diverse coding metamaterial structure for radar cross section reduction applications

“…Potential applications of metamaterial are diverse and include electromagnetic absorption reduction, sensor, terahertz frequency application, metamaterial filter, metamaterial absorption, etc. are successfully adapted metamaterial design structures to gain unique results 1 – 5 . Generally, the metamaterial design structure has its unique way of light interacting when compared to conventional materials.…”