Refining the prize: Chinese oil refineries and its energy security

Kim, Inwook

doi:10.1080/09512748.2015.1022584

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, China has been slowly able to adjust to handle other types of crude, such as Middle East oil, which is almost exclusively sour and relatively heavy. In geopolitical terms, this had its consequences and cumulated in ‘growing ties with sour producers’, which Angola is not (Kim, 2016: 370). With respect to Angolan oil, demand for specific grades within China is often in flux and depends on a variety of factors, such as freight rates, refineries’ margins, size of product inventories, etc.…”

Section: The Demand Side: China's Interest In Angolan Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Marriage of Convenience on the Rocks? Revisiting the Sino–Angolan Relationship

2021

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China's relationship with Angola – which is both the region's top oil exporter to China and recipient of the highest amount of Chinese loans – represents a critical case when it comes to studying Sino–African relations. The Sino–Angolan relationship, forged for purely pragmatic reasons at an opportune moment of mutual need in the early 2000s, has been labelled a ‘marriage of convenience’. A variety of factors have, however, altered the environment in which China first made inroads into Angola; most notably a decline in oil prices, and the 2017 political transition. These have provided fresh impetus to the Angolan political economy and relations with China. Based on interviews we show that although oil remains a central ingredient, China's role has substantially evolved. The marriage of convenience is experiencing a period of rocky introspection, one in which the notion of China having sway in Angola can finally be laid to rest.

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Section: The Demand Side: China's Interest In Angolan Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Marriage of Convenience on the Rocks? Revisiting the Sino–Angolan Relationship

2021

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“…concessionary financing in overseas trade development and intergovernmental agreement to mandate the compulsory purchase of goods and services from the official development assistance donor countries), invest across the globe. One of the most obvious examples of this state-corporate nexus is seen in the overseas investment of Chinese firms (see also Andrews-Speed, Qiu, & Len, 2016;Caseiro and Masiero, 2014;I. Kim, 2016;Lim, 2014;Taylor, 2014).…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For I. Kim (2016), Beijing's strategy has yielded tangible success. Cooperating with the national oil companies of states that challenge US hegemony (such as Venezuela and Iran), Chinese energy SOEs have, since the early 2000s, built up a steady stream of supply to power the Chinese economy.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climbing the economic ladder: the role of outward foreign direct investment

Lim

Teo²

2018

Journal of Asian Public Policy

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This paper argues that, under certain political economic conditions, outward foreign direct investment (FDI) can promote economic development in the home economies from which the investment originates. To support its argument, the paper presents a conceptual framework that incorporates simultaneously the complex interrelationships between the three main tenets shaping the developmental outcomes of outward FDI -the home economy conditions that induce firms to invest abroad; the role of the state in linking outward investment to economic development back in the home economy; and the investment returns which stimulate catchingup. The framework helps researchers and policymakers assess particular characteristics of outward FDI and their positive impacts on the home economies. In other words, the framework aims to unpack the interconnection between outward FDI-promoting policies and firm-specific behaviour in investing abroad. Its relevance to developing economies is further illustrated through an assessment of state roles in forging an effective state-corporate nexus to embed expertise acquired from abroad.

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“…Among these methods, incineration has great potential to become an efficient large-scale OS treatment technology due to its remarkable advantages of fast processing speed, significant reduction in waste volume, and heat recovery. However, in recent years, China has imported and consumed large amounts of sour crude oil annually and has become the largest importer of crude oil in the world and the leading consumer of sour crude oil. − The OS coming from sour crude oil contains a lot of sulfur, which is oxidized to sulfur oxide (mainly SO 2 ) during incineration. The large amount of SO 2 generated puts great pressure on downstream desulfurization equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Migration Characteristics of Sulfur and Nitrogen during Combustion of Oil Sludge with CaO Additive

et al. 2020

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Oil sludge (OS) is a typical hazardous waste from the petrochemical industry. Currently, the increasing ratio of highsulfur crude oil worldwide that results in the growth production of OS with high sulfur content has drawn much attention. OS incineration with calcium-based additives has great potential to be an efficient and clean approach for the large-scale treatment of high-sulfur-containing OS. In this work, the migration characteristics of sulfur and nitrogen during OS combustion with CaO additives were investigated by an online thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopy-Fourier transform infrared (TG-MS-FTIR) spectroscopy system and a fluidized combustion reactor system, respectively. Results indicated that CaO significantly reduced the emissions of SO 2 and NO x during fluidized combustion of OS, and the minerals in OS and CO 2 in the flue gas affected the utilization efficiency of CaO additive. The sulfur fixation capacity by CaO decreased with the increase of combustion temperature and almost completely failed at 1100 °C. The capacity of CaO to reduce NO x emission increased first followed by a decrease with the increase of combustion temperature. Furthermore, CaO significantly promoted the conversion of HCN to other nitrogen-containing gases, which can promote the production of NO by the precursors (HCN and NH 3 ) and the reduction reaction of NO to N 2 . To the best of our knowledge, there is still not an efficient and clean technology for large-scale treatment of OS in China. This study is helpful for the massive utilization of high-sulfur-containing OS.

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Refining the prize: Chinese oil refineries and its energy security

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

A Marriage of Convenience on the Rocks? Revisiting the Sino–Angolan Relationship

A Marriage of Convenience on the Rocks? Revisiting the Sino–Angolan Relationship

Climbing the economic ladder: the role of outward foreign direct investment

Study on the Migration Characteristics of Sulfur and Nitrogen during Combustion of Oil Sludge with CaO Additive

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