Reflections of the geological characteristics of Cyprus in soil rare earth element patterns

Ren, Limin; Cohen, David R.; Rutherford, Neil F.; Zissimos, Andreas M.; Morisseau, Eleni

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.011

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The survey has demonstrated that chemical processes and element concentrations are dominated by parent lithology. Other processes such as the physical concentration of heavy minerals (Ren et al, 2015), ocean influences along the coastal plains, and human activities also affect the spatial geochemical patterns of the soils on the island (Cohen et al, 2012b;Zissimos et al, 2014). For the purpose of this study we have calculated geochemical parameters using data from surface soil samples.…”

Section: Soils Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high resolution map of soil types and physical properties for Cyprus: A digital soil mapping optimization

et al. 2017

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Section: Soils Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high resolution map of soil types and physical properties for Cyprus: A digital soil mapping optimization

et al. 2017

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“…Hellenistic and Roman paintings in Cyprus also reflect access to, and use of, economic minerals such as ochres, umbers and green earth, knowledge of production methods and the trade from and to Cyprus of natural and synthetic pigments. The geology of Cyprus ( Figure 2) and its richness in copper, umbers, ochres and green earth (Ren et al 2015) have not only influenced the economic status of Nea Paphos but also its artistic culture. These resources were readily available, easy to extract and process, and provided the raw materials in paintings and an invaluable economic resource through trade (Apostolaki et al 2006;Kakoulli 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A map showing the geological formations of Cyprus. The Troodos Massif, the Mesaoria basin, and the Lefkara formation provided the natural resources that ancient artists used to prepare their pigments and plasters layers for wall paintings (image adapted fromRen et al 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into Hellenistic and Roman Cypriot Wall Paintings: An Exploration of Artists’ Materials, Production Technology, and Technical Style

Radpour

Fischer

Kakoulli

2019

Arts

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A recent scientific investigation on Hellenistic and Roman wall paintings of funerary and domestic contexts from Nea (‘New’) Paphos, located in the southwest region of Cyprus, has revealed new information on the paintings’ constituent materials, their production technology and technical style of painting. Nea Paphos, founded in the late 4th century BC, became the capital of the island during the Hellenistic period (294–58 BC) and developed into a thriving economic center that continued through the Roman period (58 BC–330 AD). A systematic, analytical study of ancient Cypriot wall paintings, excavated from the wealthy residences of Nea Paphos and the surrounding necropoleis, combining complementary non-invasive, field-deployable characterization techniques, has expanded the scope of analysis, interpretation and access of these paintings. The results from in situ analyses, combining X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fiber-optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), forensic imaging in reflectance and luminescence, and digital photomicrography, were informative on the raw materials selection, application technique(s) and extent of paintings beyond the visible. Data collected through the integration of these techniques were able to: (1) show an intricate and rich palette of pigments consisting of local and foreign natural minerals and synthetic coloring compounds applied pure or in mixtures, in single or multiple layers; (2) identify and map the spatial distribution of Egyptian blue across the surface of the paintings, revealing the extent of imagery and reconstructing iconography that was no longer visible to the naked eye; and (3) visualize and validate the presence of Egyptian blue to delineate facial contours and flesh tone shading. This innovation and technical characteristic in the manner of painting facial outlines and constructing chiaroscuro provides a new insight into the artistic practices, inferring artists/or workshops’ organization in Cyprus during the Roman period.

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“…These statistical characteristics as in the BLEG data imply that the Eskişehir-Sivrihisar region have had multiple geochemical framework and has undergone multi-geological processes, thereby complex oreformations during Eocene time. As is typical for trace element geochemical data, the distributions are skewed with an overall tendency towards right, but significant deviations from ln-normality due to the complex interplay of factors such as parent lithology controlling element distributions (Reimann and Filzmoser, 2000;Ren et al, 2015) The size of BLEG Au-and Ag-anomalous areas above background generated by traditional statistics using median+2S.D (Supplementary Table 1) was calculated using IDW interpolation by ArcGis 10.5 version. Maximum anomalous areas above the background for raw Au and Ag data are 266 km 2 (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of singularity and PCA mapping of mineralization-related geochemical anomalies: a comparative study using BLEG and <180μm stream sediment geochemical data

Sönmez¹,

Kockar²,

Yılmaz³

2021

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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Fine-grained stream sediments are the most common sampling media in regional geochemical exploration programs, with analysis of Au, Ag and other elements extracted by bulk cyanide leach (BLEG methods) used in the early stages of stream sediment-based exploration followed up with aqua regia extractions at follow-up stages. The Eskisehir-Sivrihisar region in Western Turkey includes several orogenic type mineral deposits including Au-bearing quartz vein systems. The purpose of this study is to delineate geochemical anomalies of ore and related elements and track their dispersion, which may lead to discovery of unknown ore deposits. Using a geochemical database generated through company's exploration campaigns (Eurogold, Normandy Mining Ltd., Australia), this research also compares the capability of conventional statistical methods (such as Q-Q, Mean + 2STD, 3SD and 4SD) and principal component analysis (PCA), with concentration area (C-A) and number-size/concentration (N-S/C) fractal methods and singularity index method to differentiate anomalous and background Au distributions or define areas with geochemical signals related to mineralization (given singularity index mapping/S.M does not define threshold values). Known Au mineralization in the region of interest is strongly reflected in stream sediment BLEG Au patterns, which have robust singularity indices with C-A and N-S multifractal modeling and PCA. A hundred % of the Au deposits were detected using either BLEG Au and Ag singularity index mapping with C-A fractal analysis whereas those of factor analysis revealed 85% efficiency. Several strong Au-Ag anomalies defined by the singularity index and factor analysis in this study needs further follow up for the discovery of new deposits. Conventional approaches to anomaly detection in the BLEG and <180µm stream sediment data failed to detect a significant proportion of the deposits, including some major deposits in the vicinity of Sivrihisar.

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Reflections of the geological characteristics of Cyprus in soil rare earth element patterns

Cited by 30 publications

References 102 publications

A high resolution map of soil types and physical properties for Cyprus: A digital soil mapping optimization

A high resolution map of soil types and physical properties for Cyprus: A digital soil mapping optimization

New Insight into Hellenistic and Roman Cypriot Wall Paintings: An Exploration of Artists’ Materials, Production Technology, and Technical Style

Efficiency of singularity and PCA mapping of mineralization-related geochemical anomalies: a comparative study using BLEG and <180μm stream sediment geochemical data

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