Refractive error in Chinese with type 2 diabetes and its association with glycaemic control

Song, E; Qian, Deng-Juan; Wang, Shan; Xu, Cailian; Pan, Chen-Wei

doi:10.1111/cxo.12606

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our study also found that diabetes increases the risk of myopia significantly, as has previously been proven in the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study, [43] Barbados Eye Study, [26] and Handan Eye Study [16]. Furthermore, a higher level of HbA1c is a risk factor for myopia in patients with type 2 diabetes [44]. This relationship might be explained by the pathological change caused by the high level of blood glucose.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error: a cross-sectional Study in Han and Yi adults in Yunnan, China

et al. 2019

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BackgroundFew studies have investigated the prevalence of refractive error (RE) in older adults in China, and most have focused on East China. Our study determined the prevalence and risk factors of RE in Han and Yi adults aged 40–80 years in rural and urban areas in Yunnan Province, Southwest China.MethodsOur cross-sectional study is part of the China National Health Survey (CNHS). The age-adjusted prevalence rates of RE in Han and Yi adults aged 40–80 years in Yunnan were compared. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to identify risk factors for myopia and hyperopia.ResultsAmong 1626 participants, the age-adjusted prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia, high myopia and astigmatism were 26.35% (95%CI 24.01–28.70%), 19.89% (95%CI 18.16–21.61%), 2.64% (95%CI 1.75–3.53%), and 56.82% (95%CI 54.31–59.34%). Compared to the Yi population, the Han population had higher prevalence of myopia (31.50% vs 16.80%, p < 0.0001), high myopia (3.34% vs 1.31%, p = 0.049) and astigmatism (60.07% vs 50.67%, p = 0.026) but lower prevalence of hyperopia (16.58% vs 27.37%, p < 0.0001). In the multivariate logistic regression, individuals aged 45–49 (p < 0.001), 50–54 (p < 0.001), 55–59 (p = 0.014), and 60–64 years (p = 0.005) had a lower myopia risk than those aged 40–44 years, and individuals aged 50–54 (p = 0.002), 55–59, 60–64 and 65 years and older (all p < 0.001) had a higher hyperopia risk than those aged 40–44 years. Myopia was also associated with height (p = 0.035), time spent in rural areas (p = 0.014), undergraduate/graduate education level (p = 0.001, compared with primary school or lower education level) and diabetes (p = 0.008). The Yi population had a higher risk of hyperopia than the Han population (p = 0.025). Moreover, hyperopia was related to time spent in rural areas (p < 0.001) and pterygium (p = 0.019).ConclusionsOur study investigated the overall prevalence of RE in older adults in rural and urban areas of Southwest China. Compared to the Yi population, the Han population had a higher prevalence of myopia, high myopia and astigmatism but a lower risk of hyperopia. The prevalence of myopia in the Han population in underdeveloped Southwest China was similar to that of residents in East China or of Chinese Singaporeans under urban or rural settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error: a cross-sectional Study in Han and Yi adults in Yunnan, China

et al. 2019

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“…In line with Adnan, Wiemer et al revealed that, in T1DM adults, the duration of DM was found to have significant influences on the ACD, LT, lens refractive index, and lens anterior and posterior curvature, while no associations were found between the duration of DM and the ocular refraction, CCT, and corneal radius; HbA1c was explored to have no significant influence on the various lens and corneal parameters [9, 13]. In the study of Chinese T2DM by Song et al [18], blood levels of HbA1c were not related to AL, ACD, and corneal radius. It could be concluded that, in T1DM patients but not T2DM patients, lens parameters were sensitive and corneal parameters were apparently stable; for T1DM children, DM duration was too short to have profound effect on lens changes compared to adults; however, for adults, besides DM duration, aging could have an inevitable impact on long-term changes too, and HbA1c level had no effect on ocular parameters of DM patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on the Ocular Biometry of Chinese Children

Xiao

Jia

et al. 2019

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To compare ocular biometry between children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy children in China and to determine the correlation of ocular biometry with the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and diabetes duration. Methods. A case-control study was conducted at Children’s Hospital of Fudan University between T1DM children and healthy children. The participants were evaluated for central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), K1 and K2 keratometry, and axial length (AL); also cycloplegic refraction was performed, and spherical equivalent (SE) was acquired. HbA1c levels of the T1DM cases were obtained. Results. Fifty-four eyes of 54 children with T1DM and 53 eyes of 53 healthy children were included. The mean age of T1DM group and control group was 10.59 ± 3.40 years and 9.55 ± 1.89 years, respectively, and the differences between age and gender were not significant (p=0.052, p=0.700). The mean LT in T1DM group (3.49 ± 0.18 mm) was thicker than that in the control group (3.40 ± 0.16 mm) (p=0.018), the mean ACD in T1DM group (3.52 ± 0.26 mm) was shallower than that in the control group (3.72 ± 0.26 mm) (p<0.001), and there were no significant differences of CCT, K1, K2, AL, and SE (p=0.088, p=0.672, p=0.821, p=0.094, and p=0.306, respectively). There was no significant correlation between HbA1c or diabetes duration and ocular biometry. Conclusions. Thicker LT and shallower ACD occurred in T1DM children rather than age-matched and sex-matched healthy children, but the overall refraction was not affected. HbA1c or diabetes duration was not correlated with ocular biometry in T1DM children.

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“…15 It is also clear that early aggressive control of blood pressure in diabetic patients can delay the occurrence and progression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. 16,17 This study was carried out to emphasize the role of hypertension in diabetes related complications development and progression particularly retinopathy& benefits of tight blood pressure control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of hypertension and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients.

Ali

Sarfraz

Anwar

et al. 2020

TPMJ

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Objectives: To evaluate the association of hypertension and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients. Study Design: Case Control study. Setting: Diabetic Clinic Department of Medicine, Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: From January 2019 to June 2019. Material & Methods: One Hundred Type 2 diabetic patients of either sex were reviewed and these patients were screened for diabetic retinopathy using welchallyn ophthalmoscope. The patients with diabetic retinopathy fulfilling the inclusion criteria were placed in group A (cases) and patients without diabetic retinopathy were placed in group B (control). After resting the patient in supine position for 5 minutes, blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken in all these patients using mercury sphygmomanometer in two successive out-patient department visits, and mean value of B.P. was taken. All patients were asked for duration of diabetes, hypertension and visual problems specifically. These patients were advised following investigations: - FBS. - RBS. - HbAlc. Relevant statistics, mean & standard deviation were computed for variables. T-test was applied on hypertension (independent) and DM retinopathy (dependent) variables. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the patients with retinopathy (mean systolic B.P 153.4± 17.13 and mean diastolic B.P. 84.1±9.26) than in those without retinopathy (mean systolic B.P. 130.65±11.94 and mean diastolic B.P 77.3 ±6.64). There was significant correlation of diabetic retinopathy with systolic hypertension (P<0.05) and diastolic hypertension (P<0.001). Conclusion: There is strong association between diabetic retinopathy and hypertension. So early detection and treatment of hypertension can retard the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.

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Refractive error in Chinese with type 2 diabetes and its association with glycaemic control

Abstract: Refractive errors may be associated with glycaemic control among T2DM patients. Longitudinal analyses are warranted to examine the relationship between changes in HbA and the development of refractive errors.

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error: a cross-sectional Study in Han and Yi adults in Yunnan, China

Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error: a cross-sectional Study in Han and Yi adults in Yunnan, China

Influence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on the Ocular Biometry of Chinese Children

Association of hypertension and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients.

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