Refueling infrastructure planning in intercity networks considering route choice and travel time delay for mixed fleet of electric and conventional vehicles

Electric Vehicle Charger Placement Optimization in Michigan Considering Monthly Traffic Demand and Battery Performance Variations

“…In relation to national infrastructure needs along corridors, 400 DCFC stations are required to allow long-distance BEV travels between cities. In this respect, siting the foreseen DCFC infrastructure remains to be studied in detail, having been recently studied by Ghamami et al ( 15 ). The current study considers demand variation and battery performance variations in the framework proposed in Ghamami et al ( 15 ).…”

“…In this respect, siting the foreseen DCFC infrastructure remains to be studied in detail, having been recently studied by Ghamami et al ( 15 ). The current study considers demand variation and battery performance variations in the framework proposed in Ghamami et al ( 15 ). To this end, interstate corridors are to be prioritized and stations would then need to be located according to driving patterns, vehicle and network specifications, and expected charging behaviors in the state of interest.…”

“…The results showed that even though fast charging infrastructure is required for intercity trips, the number and location of these stations depend on the desired level of service and vehicle battery size (driving range). More recently, Ghamami et al ( 15 ) presented a methodology to find optimal infrastructure investment and charger placement to support intercity trips of a general network, considering a mixed fleet of conventional and electric vehicles. It is stated in the study that the location of charging stations affects the routing of EV users, which in turn affects the traffic flow pattern in the network and the optimal location of charging stations.…”

“…It is stated in the study that the location of charging stations affects the routing of EV users, which in turn affects the traffic flow pattern in the network and the optimal location of charging stations. Therefore, Ghamami et al ( 15 ) embedded a traffic and charger assignment problem inside the system optimal problem to find the optimal location of charging stations.…”

“…The current study sets out to incorporate monthly demand and battery performance variations at different months in the intercity network model, recently developed in the study by Ghamami et al ( 15 ), in two target years of 2020 and 2030, in such a way that the considered travel needs of BEV users for their intercity trips are satisfied in Michigan. Two important contributing factors in defining the infrastructure needs of BEV users are battery performance and traffic demand fluctuations in different months ( 24 ).…”