Regenerative Biology of Tendon: Mechanisms for Renewal and Repair

Dyment, Nathaniel A.; Galloway, Jenna L.

doi:10.1007/s40610-015-0021-3

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…In regard to expression and synthesis of proteins from tendon cells, it has been shown that older rats demonstrated a reduced mRNA expression of collagen (I, III and V) whereas the protein content of collagen types estimated by immunohistochemistry was unchanged with ageing (Goh et al . ; Dyment & Galloway, ; Zhang et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of loading, unloading, ageing and injury on the human tendon

Magnusson

Kjær

2018

The Journal of Physiology

149

139

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A tendon transfers force from the contracting muscle to the skeletal system to produce movement and is therefore a crucial component of the entire muscle-tendon complex and its function. However, tendon research has for some time focused on mechanical properties without any major appreciation of potential cellular and molecular changes. At the same time, methodological developments have permitted determination of the mechanical properties of human tendons in vivo, which was previously not possible. Here we review the current understanding of how tendons respond to loading, unloading, ageing and injury from cellular, molecular and mechanical points of view. A mechanistic understanding of tendon tissue adaptation will be vital for development of adequate guidelines in physical training and rehabilitation, as well as for optimal injury treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of loading, unloading, ageing and injury on the human tendon

Magnusson

Kjær

2018

The Journal of Physiology

149

139

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“…Surgical repair represents one treatment option to improve function and decrease pain. Despite extensive research aimed at improving surgical outcomes, repair failure remains a common problem . High failure rates may be due to a tendon environment that does not support a prompt, effective healing response .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplifying Bone Marrow Progenitors Expressing α‐Smooth Muscle Actin Produce Zonal Insertion Sites During Tendon‐to‐Bone Repair

Kamalitdinov

Fujino

Shetye

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Traditional tendon‐to‐bone repair where the tendon is reattached to bone via suture anchors often results in disorganized scar production rather than the formation of a zonal insertion. In contrast, ligament reconstructions where tendon grafts are passed through bone tunnels can yield zonal tendon‐to‐bone attachments between the graft and adjacent bone. Therefore, ligament reconstructions can be used to study mechanisms that regulate zonal tendon‐to‐bone repair in the adult. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are one of the most common reconstruction procedures and while we know that cells from outside the graft produce the attachments, we have not yet established specific cell populations that give rise to this tissue. To address this knowledge gap, we performed ACL reconstructions in lineage tracing mice where α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMACreERT2) was used to label αSMA‐expressing progenitors within the bone marrow that produced zonal attachments. Expression of αSMA was increased during early stages of the repair process such that the contribution of SMA‐labeled cells to the tunnel integration was highest when tamoxifen was delivered in the first week post‐surgery. The zonal attachments shared features with normal entheses, including tidemarks oriented perpendicularly to collagen fibers, Col1a1‐expressing cells, alkaline phosphatase activity, and proteoglycan‐rich staining. Finally, the integration strength increased with time, requiring 112% greater force to remove the graft from the tunnel at 28 days compared with 14 days post‐surgery. Future studies will target these progenitor cells to define the pathways that regulate zonal tendon‐to‐bone repair in the adult. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:105–116, 2020

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“…There is still debate regarding whether tendon healing is an intrinsic or extrinsic process [9,10]. The supraspinatus tendon has a number of surrounding tissues that could harbor cells that contribute to the healing response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine supraspinatus tendon injury model to identify the cellular origins of rotator cuff healing

Yoshida

Alaee

Dyrna

et al. 2016

Connective Tissue Research

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Purpose of this study To elucidate the origin of cell populations that contribute to rotator cuff healing, we developed a mouse surgical model where a full-thickness, central detachment is created in the supraspinatus. Materials and Methods Three different inducible Cre transgenic mice with Ai9-tdTomato reporter expression (PRG4-9, αSMA-9, and AGC-9) were used to label different cell populations in the shoulder. The defect was created surgically in the supraspinatus. The mice were injected with tamoxifen at surgery to label the cells and sacrificed at 1, 2, and 5 weeks post-operatively. Frozen sections were fluorescently imaged then stained with Toluidine Blue and re-imaged. Results Three notable changes were apparent post-operatively. 1) A long thin layer of tissue formed on the bursal side overlying the supraspinatus tendon. 2) The tendon proximal to the defect initially became hypercellular and disorganized. 3) The distal stump at the insertion underwent minimal remodeling. In the uninjured shoulder, tdTomato expression was seen in the tendon midsubstance and paratenon cell on the bursal side in PRG4-9, in paratenon, blood vessels, and periosteum of acromion in SMA-9, and in articular cartilage, unmineralized fibrocartilage of supraspinatus enthesis, and acromioclavicular joint in AGC-9 mice. In the injured PRG4-9 and SMA-9 mice, the healing tissues contained an abundant number of tdTomato+ cells, while minimal contribution of tdTomato+ cells was seen in AGC-9 mice. Conclusions The study supports the importance of the bursal side of the tendon to rotator cuff healing and PRG4 and αSMA may be markers for these progenitor cells.

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Regenerative Biology of Tendon: Mechanisms for Renewal and Repair

Cited by 51 publications

References 134 publications

The impact of loading, unloading, ageing and injury on the human tendon

The impact of loading, unloading, ageing and injury on the human tendon

Amplifying Bone Marrow Progenitors Expressing α‐Smooth Muscle Actin Produce Zonal Insertion Sites During Tendon‐to‐Bone Repair

Murine supraspinatus tendon injury model to identify the cellular origins of rotator cuff healing

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