Regional distribution of glutathione reductase in the adult rat brain

Brannan, Timothy; Maker, Howard S.; Raes, Ingrid; Weiss, Carlos O.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90936-1

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Another reason for the up regulation in GSH levels upon quercetin prophylaxis is the increased synthesis of Nrf-2 leading to the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf-2/ARE) pathway. GSH, is a tripeptide (made up of glutamate, cysteine and glycine) synthesized by the sequential action of two rate limiting enzymes- γ- glutamyl cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase [46]. GSH is mainly attributed with the non-enzymatic detoxification of ROS such as- hydroxyl radicals and superoxidesand also donates an electron to reduce the peroxides catalysed by glutathione peroxidases [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic efficacy of Quercetin in ameliorating the hypoxia induced vascular leakage in lungs of rats

2019

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The objective of the study was to find out the prophylactic efficacy of Quercetin in ameliorating the hypoxia induced vascular leakage in lungs of rats. Male SD rats received different doses of quercetin @ 25mg, 50mg, 100mg and 200mg/Kg BW, 1h prior to hypobaric hypoxia exposure (7,620m, for 6h). Quercetin 50 mg/kg BW supplemented orally 1h prior to hypoxia exposure was considered to be the optimum dose, due to significant reduction (p<0.001) in lung water content and lung transvascular leakage compared to control (hypoxia, 6h). Further, biochemical analysis (ROS, MDA, GSH, GPx, LDH, and albumin) and differential expressions of proteins (IKK-α/β, NFĸB, Nrf-2,TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM, P-selectin, Hif-1α, VEGF, TNF-α, TGF-β, INF-γ and IL-4) were determined by western blotting and ELISA. Changes in lung parenchyma were assessed by histopathology. Quercetin (50 mg/kg BW) prophylaxis under hypoxia showed significant reduction in oxidative stress (ROS and MDA), concomitant increase in antioxidants (GSH, GPx and SOD) followed by decreased LDH and albumin extravasation in BAL fluid over hypoxia. Quercetin prophylaxis significantly down regulated hypoxia induced increase in IKKα/β and NFĸB expressions leading to reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) followed by up regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and INF-γ) in lungs. Further, hypoxia mediated increase in HIF-1α was stabilized and VEGF levels in lungs were significantly down regulated by quercetin supplementation, leading to reduction in vascular leakage in lungs of rats under hypoxia. However, Quercetin has also enacted as Nrf-2 activator which significantly boosted up the synthesis of GSH under hypoxic condition compared to hypoxia. Histopathological observations further confirmed that quercetin preconditioning has an inhibitory effect on progression of oxidative stress and inflammation via attenuation of NFκB and stabilization HIF-1α in lungs of rats under hypoxia.These studies indicated that quercetin prophylaxis abrogates the possibility of hypobaric hypoxia induced pulmonary edema in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic efficacy of Quercetin in ameliorating the hypoxia induced vascular leakage in lungs of rats

2019

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“…An oxidative stress marker in CSF was increased in MERS by other causes [39]. Low levels of glutathione reductase, anti-oxidant enzyme, in the corpus callosum [41] make the SCC more susceptible to oxidant injury. Proinflammatory cytokines, oxidants and reduced anti-oxidant enzymes may lead to the SCC lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion: report of two pediatric cases and a comprehensive literature review

2016

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BackgroundNo literature review exists on Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated mild encephalitis/encepharopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS).Methods M.pneumoniae-associated MERS cases were searched till August 2016 using PubMed/Google for English/other-language publications and Ichushi (http://www.jamas.or.jp/) for Japanese-language publications. Inclusion criteria were children fulfilling definition for encephalitis, M.pneumoniae infection, and neuroimaging showing hyperintensity in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) alone (type I) or SCC/other brain areas (type II).ResultsWe described two children with type I and II M.pneumoniae-associated MERS. Thirteen cases found by the search and our 2 cases were reviewed. Mean age, male/female ratio, duration of prodromal illness was 8.3 years, 1.5 and 3.5 days. The most common neurological symptom was drowsiness, followed by abnormal speech/behavior, ataxia, seizure, delirium, confusion, tremor, hallucination, irritability, muscle weakness, and facial nerve paralysis. Fever was the most common non-neurological symptom, followed by cough, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, lethargy and dizziness. Seizure and respiratory symptoms were less common. All were diagnosed for M.pneumoniae by serology. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) M.pneumoniae was undetectable by PCR in the 3 patients. Three patients were clarithromycin-resistant. Leukocytosis, positive C-reactive protein, hyponatremia, CSF pleocytosis and slow wave on electroencephalography frequently occurred. All except 2 were type I MERS. Neuroimaging abnormalities disappeared within 18 days in the majority of patients. All type I patients completely recovered within 19 days. Two type II patients developed neurological sequelae, which recovered 2 and 6 months after onset.ConclusionsPrognosis of M.pneumoniae-associated MERS is excellent. Type II MERS may increase a risk of neurological sequelae.

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“…It is interesting to note that different responses in the redox state in the brain regions can be associated with: (i) the regional differences observed in the population of glutamatergic neurons, especially of the NMDAr type, since an imbalance in the Ca + currents evoked by these receptors induce a series of neurotoxic events; (ii) the distribution across the neuroaxis may also be important because hydrophilic compounds, such as ascorbic acid, present rapid and widespread distributions in the CNS in rodent models, including substantial penetration into brain parenchyma, as well as cerebrospinal fluid bordering regions [67]. Moreover, in the rat brain, the cerebral cortex has a lower basal level of activity of some antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT and GPx [68,69].…”

Section: Neurochemical and Behavioural Changes Induced By Chronic Hiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine prevents high-intensity exercise-induced increase in enzymatic antioxidant and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities and reduction of anxiolytic like-behaviour in rats

et al. 2017

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HIIT-induced anxiolytic-like behaviour increased Na-K-ATPase and GPx activities and TBARS levels, altered the activities of SOD and CAT in different brain regions, and decreased GSH levels. Caffeine, however, elicited anxiogenic-like behaviour and blocked HIIT effects. The combination of caffeine and HIIT prevented the increase in SOD activity in the cerebral cortex and GPx activity in three brain regions. Our results show that caffeine promoted anxiogenic behaviour and prevented HIIT-induced changes in the antioxidant system and Na-K-ATPase activities.

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Regional distribution of glutathione reductase in the adult rat brain

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Prophylactic efficacy of Quercetin in ameliorating the hypoxia induced vascular leakage in lungs of rats

Prophylactic efficacy of Quercetin in ameliorating the hypoxia induced vascular leakage in lungs of rats

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion: report of two pediatric cases and a comprehensive literature review

Caffeine prevents high-intensity exercise-induced increase in enzymatic antioxidant and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities and reduction of anxiolytic like-behaviour in rats

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Regional distribution of glutathione reductase in the adult rat brain

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Prophylactic efficacy of Quercetin in ameliorating the hypoxia induced vascular leakage in lungs of rats

Prophylactic efficacy of Quercetin in ameliorating the hypoxia induced vascular leakage in lungs of rats

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion: report of two pediatric cases and a comprehensive literature review

Caffeine prevents high-intensity exercise-induced increase in enzymatic antioxidant and Na+-K+-ATPase activities and reduction of anxiolytic like-behaviour in rats

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Caffeine prevents high-intensity exercise-induced increase in enzymatic antioxidant and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities and reduction of anxiolytic like-behaviour in rats