Regional Variation in Livelihood Strategies in Malawi

Hatlebakk, Magnus

doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01301.x

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A one decimal increase in the quantity of land owned results in around 108.41 BDT increase in annual income from fisheries, whereas the same increase in land ownership reduces annual income from entrepreneurial activities, farming and casual labour supplying by around 35 BDT, 28 BDT and 55 BDT, respectively (Table ). In case of wage‐based and non‐agricultural livelihood options, our findings are consistent with those of Hatlebakk ().…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Education is a key factor that has been argued to play a crucial role in explaining a household's livelihood related decisions (Ahmed & Hossain, ; Abdulai & CroleRees, ; Eneyew, ; Hatlebakk, ; Rahman & Akter, ). We find that households with their heads having a primary level of education earn more wages compared to households with illiterate heads (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas, those with less land are more likely to supplement their main livelihood activity through supplying labour. Recently, Hatlebakk () have also used a multinomial logit model to predict occupational choices in Malawi. Similarly, Rahman and Akter () have adopted a multinomial logit model for predicting occupational choices combined with a multivariate Tobit model for estimating income determinants in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the Impact of Salinity Stress on Livelihood Choices and Incomes in Rural Bangladesh

Anik

Ranjan

Ranganathan

2018

J of Intl Development

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This paper explores the impact of salinity on livelihood choices of rural households in south‐western Bangladesh. We find interdependence among households' decisions involving various livelihood choices. High salinity reduces a household's probability of entrepreneurship while those households that stick only to agriculture suffer significant crop losses because of salinity. Households also face a trade‐off between subsistence and entrepreneurial activities, that is, participation in one type of activity reduces the probability of participation in the other. Households with more agricultural land, in fact, benefit from high salinity levels by taking up fisheries related activities, whereas marginal households resort to increasing labour supply. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the Impact of Salinity Stress on Livelihood Choices and Incomes in Rural Bangladesh

Anik

Ranjan

Ranganathan

2018

J of Intl Development

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“…Households' WTP is associated with ability to pay [44]. As households' wealth status improves with increased income levels and asset base, they are likely to have disposable income and as such capable and likely to be willing to pay more for forest activities compared to poorer households [45]. Similar trends have been observed by Chikwuone and Okorji [44], for forest management in Nigeria.…”

Section: Factors Affecting How Much Households Are Willing Tomentioning

confidence: 80%

Livelihoods and Welfare Impacts of Forest Comanagement

Chinangwa

Pullin

Hockley

2016

International Journal of Forestry Research

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Comanagement programmes are gaining popularity among governments as one way of improving rural livelihoods. However, evidence of their effects on the livelihoods and welfare remains unclear. We used the sustainable livelihoods framework and stated preference techniques to assess the livelihoods and welfare impacts of forest comanagement on 213 households in Zomba and Ntchisi districts. The results show that approximately 63% of respondents perceive that, overall, comanagement has had no impact on their livelihoods. However, the programme is enhancing financial capital by introducing externally subsidised income generating activities and human and social capital among some community members through training programmes. A majority of households (80%) are willing to pay annual membership fees to participate in the programme (mean = 812 Malawi Kwacha), because of perceived potential future benefits. Education, gender of the household head, a positive perception of current livelihoods benefits, and a position on the committee increase household willingness to pay membership fees. However, the positive willingness to pay despite the negative perception of overall livelihoods impacts may also demonstrate the weaknesses of relying on stated preference surveys alone in estimating welfare effects.

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“…This could be attributed to the household head's age and the amount of time having stayed in the area. In other areas in Malawi, land can be accessed through either inheritance or granted by local leaders or purchased [73]. The majority of the fish farmers were married; and being in such a marital status might have a potential to improve labor availability for farm activities even though their household sizes were small.…”

Section: Socio-economic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Fish Farming an Illusion for Lake Malawi Riparian Communities under Environmental Changes?

2018

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Global environmental changes have negatively affected many food systems while the demand for food has continued to rise. An urgent need exists to identify other sustainable means of producing food. This is a case in Malawi, where capture fisheries and agriculture are not supplying sufficient food. Fish farming food systems by communities who rely on inland fisheries have not been evaluated. Therefore, a study was conducted in two phases: January 2016 to May 2016 and in July 2017 to evaluate if fish farming could sustainably support livelihoods of Lake Malawi riparian communities. We used mixed methods to collect and analyze data. The data collection methods included explorative surveys, household survey interviews, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis for themes. This identified themes that were quantitatively analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. We observed that fish farming was dominated by men and also not the main occupation for the respondents despite owning fishponds. The respondents have water and land, which are prerequisite for any farming. The study also observed fish farming production challenges related to quality fingerlings, formulated diets, and extension services. Cases of food insecurity amongst the respondents were also prevalent due to lack of food to cover the entire year. Weak synergies existed between fish farming and agriculture restricting bio-resource flow and water usage between these two food systems, meaning the outcomes of the food systems provide unsustainable diets. Furthermore, water availability, money spent on food, and cassava cropping increased fish farming participation. Whereas operating a bicycle taxi, casual labor, former fish farming, as well as application of agricultural wastes negatively affected fish farming. On the other hand, extreme weather events (increased incidences of droughts and floods) attributed to inter annual rainfall variation also negatively affected fish farming. The responses from Lake Malawi riparian communities indicate that they merely look upon fish farming as an alternative to capture fisheries than as an illusion. Nonetheless, the research provides a theoretical platform to explore the potential to develop sustainable fish farming food system adapted to such changes. Therefore, we have brought new evidence that progress of fish farming in Malawi is being made, but there is a long way to go before it can be considered successful and sustainable.

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Regional Variation in Livelihood Strategies in Malawi

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Estimating the Impact of Salinity Stress on Livelihood Choices and Incomes in Rural Bangladesh

Estimating the Impact of Salinity Stress on Livelihood Choices and Incomes in Rural Bangladesh

Livelihoods and Welfare Impacts of Forest Comanagement

Is Fish Farming an Illusion for Lake Malawi Riparian Communities under Environmental Changes?

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