Regulation of soybean drought response by mepiquat chloride pretreatment

Abstract

IntroductionSoybean is the world’s most important cultivated crop, and drought can affect their growth and, eventually, yields. Foliar application of mepiquat chloride (MC) can potentially alleviate the damage caused by drought stress in plants; however, the mechanism of MC regulation of soybean drought response has not been studied.MethodsThis study investigated the mechanism of soybean drought response regulation by mepiquat chloride in two varieties of soybean, sensitive Heinong 65 (HN65) and drought-tolerant Heinong44 (HN44), under three treatment scenarios, normal, drought stress, and drought stress + MC conditions.Results and discussionMC promoted dry matter accumulation under drought stress, reduced plant height, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, and significantly decreased malondialdehyde content. The light capture processes, photosystems I and II, were inhibited; however, accumulation and upregulation of several amino acids and flavonoids by MC was observed. Multi-omics joint analysis indicated 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism and isoflavone biosynthetic pathways to be the core pathways by which MC regulated soybean drought response. Candidate genes such as LOC100816177, SOMT-2, LOC100784120, LOC100797504, LOC100794610, and LOC100819853 were identified to be crucial for the drought resistance of soybeans. Finally, a model was constructed to systematically describe the regulatory mechanism of MC application in soybean under drought stress. This study fills the research gap of MC in the field of soybean resistance.ConclusionNETs can promote gastric cancer metastasis by initiating COX-2 through TLR2, and COX-2 may become a target for gastric cancer immunotherapy.

The application potential of mepiquat chloride in soybean: improvement of yield characteristics and drought resistance

“…3 ). In another study, we found that MC promoted the accumulation of some amino acids and flavonoids to withstand drought at the metabolic level [ 32 ]. Lee et al [ 33 ] reported that MC pretreatment before drought promoted drought resistance in cotton during the peak water demand period and reduced the risk of drought.…”

Current views of drought research: experimental methods, adaptation mechanisms and regulatory strategies

“…Some plant growth regulators, such as mepiquat chloride, are commonly used to regulate cotton plant type, but can also increase soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity ( Zhang et al., 2022d ). It can also promote the accumulation of flavonoids in soybeans to enhance drought resistance ( Figure 3 ) ( Wang et al., 2023a ). There are also some other regulators, such as 24-epibrassinolide·triacontanol, indolebutyric acid·triacontanol, indolebutyric acid·S-abscisic acid, kinetin and triacontanol·6-benzylaminopurine, which have similar ways to improve drought resistance ( Lv et al., 2023 ).…”

The Roles of Mepiquate Chloride and Melatonin in the Morpho-Physiological Activity of Cotton under Abiotic Stress

“…MC regulates a wide range of biological activities in various crops [ 58 ]. In response to abiotic stresses, MC decreased vegetative growth while increasing crop yield in soybean and cotton under drought stress [ 40 , 59 ]. Exogenous MC treatment in cotton can enhance fiber growth and production while reducing the leaf area, stem elongation, and plant height [ 60 ].…”

“…MC application slowing GA activity involved in cell elongation restricts signaling and transduction pathways activation, hinders vegetative development, and alters GA homeostasis by activating site-specific genes, reducing plant height ([ 55 ], Figure 1 ). MC inhibited soybean growth by decreasing the concentrations of GA, brassinolide, zeatin, and other plant hormones and signaling pathway-related genes [ 40 ]. MC affects the signaling of various hormones [ 16 ].…”