Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae WH12 gene

Mountain, Harry A.; Sudbery, Peter E.

doi:10.1099/00221287-136-4-727

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Whi2p also has a role in coordinating proliferation with nutritional status, as whi2 mutant cell lines have been shown to continue dividing at a stage when their comparative wild-type strain has exited the cell cycle. Cells lacking Whi2p are also well documented to suffer from a chronic inability to respond to a variety of stress stimuli such as heat, osmotic shock, oxidative stress and nutrient depletion (Mountain and Sudbery, 1990a;Radcliffe et al, 1997a;Saul and Sudbery, 1985). The observation that Δwhi2 cells display actin aggregates during entry into the diauxic shift, led us to investigate whether these cells underwent apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The loss of Whi2p function gives rise to a number of phenotypes including a failure to elicit an appropriate stress response, the continuation of cell cycle activity preventing entry into G 0 , and a weak activation of storage carbohydrate production (Mountain and Sudbery, 1990a;Mountain and Sudbery, 1990b;Radcliffe et al, 1997a;Saul and Sudbery, 1985). Whi2p is known to function within the general stress response pathway as it is required for full activation of genes under the control of stress response elements (STRE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whi2p links nutritional sensing to actin-dependent Ras-cAMP-PKA regulation and apoptosis in yeast

Leadsham

Miller

Ayscough

et al. 2009

Journal of Cell Science

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We show that actin-mediated apoptosis occurs as a result of inappropriate Ras-cAMP-PKA activity in Δwhi2 cells. Cells lacking Whi2p function exhibit an aberrant accumulation of activated Ras2 at the mitochondria in response to nutritional depletion. This study provides evidence that the shutdown of cAMP-PKA signalling activity in wild-type cells involves Whi2p-dependent targeting of Ras2p to the vacuole for proteolysis. We also demonstrate for the first time that Whi2p-dependent regulation of cAMP-PKA signalling plays a physiological role in the differentiation of yeast colonies by facilitating elaboration of distinct zones of cell death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whi2p links nutritional sensing to actin-dependent Ras-cAMP-PKA regulation and apoptosis in yeast

Leadsham

Miller

Ayscough

et al. 2009

Journal of Cell Science

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“…For example, whi2⌬ mutant cells failed to cease cell division with nutrient depletion (45,55) and had much smaller cell sizes than the wild-type cells (56). Deletion of WHI2 resulted in cells that failed to accumulate storage carbohydrate compounds and had reduced resistance to environmental stress, such as heat shock (46,57). This study found that the whi2⌬ mutant had significantly lower cell viability than the wild type in the presence of acetic acid stress, which is consistent with a previous observation that deletion of WHI2 in S. cerevisiae led to increased cell susceptibility to propionic acid and acetic acid (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Acetic Acid Resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Overexpression of the WHI2 Gene Identified through Inverse Metabolic Engineering

Chen

Stabryla

Wei

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bDevelopment of acetic acid-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important for economically viable production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass, but the goal remains a critical challenge due to limited information on effective genetic perturbation targets for improving acetic acid resistance in the yeast. This study employed a genomic-library-based inverse metabolic engineering approach to successfully identify a novel gene target, WHI2 (encoding a cytoplasmatic globular scaffold protein), which elicited improved acetic acid resistance in S. cerevisiae. Overexpression of WHI2 significantly improved glucose and/or xylose fermentation under acetic acid stress in engineered yeast. The WHI2-overexpressing strain had 5-times-higher specific ethanol productivity than the control in glucose fermentation with acetic acid. Analysis of the expression of WHI2 gene products (including protein and transcript) determined that acetic acid induced endogenous expression of Whi2 in S. cerevisiae. Meanwhile, the whi2⌬ mutant strain had substantially higher susceptibility to acetic acid than the wild type, suggesting the important role of Whi2 in the acetic acid response in S. cerevisiae. Additionally, overexpression of WHI2 and of a cognate phosphatase gene, PSR1, had a synergistic effect in improving acetic acid resistance, suggesting that Whi2 might function in combination with Psr1 to elicit the acetic acid resistance mechanism. These results improve our understanding of the yeast response to acetic acid stress and provide a new strategy to breed acetic acid-resistant yeast strains for renewable biofuel production. Lignocellulosic biomass from nonfood stocks such as agricultural and forestry residues has been identified as the prime source for production of renewable biofuels to substitute for conventional fossil fuels in the face of growing demand for energy and rising concerns about greenhouse gas emissions (1-4). Bioconversion of plant cell wall materials by microbial fermentation is typically preceded by harsh (physico)chemical hydrolysis designed to release sugars; this hydrolysis treatment also generates by-products that are toxic to fermenting microorganisms (5, 6). Since hemicellulose and lignin in the plant cell wall are ubiquitously acetylated (7,8), the typical acidic pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass generates substantial amounts of acetic acid (with concentrations ranging from 1 g/liter to 15 g/liter) in the resulting hydrolysates (9, 10). Acetic acid severely inhibits cell growth and fermentation activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5, 6, 11-13), the predominant microorganism used in industrial fermentation (14, 15). Therefore, improvement in S. cerevisiae resistance to acetic acid is highly desired and critical for achieving efficient and economically viable bioconversion of cellulosic sugars to biofuels.The toxic effects of acetic acid in S. cerevisiae have been intensively characterized, and toxicity mechanisms have been proposed (10,11,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). When the external pH is lower than the...

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“…In many cases, different yeast strains or gluconeogenic carbon sources (acetate, ethanol, glycerol, lactate, or pyruvate) have been used. Also, some groups have studied glycolytic gene expression under glycolytic or gluconeogenic growth conditions, whereas others have measured activity levels during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth or vice versa (1,12,13,39,47,66).In this study, we compare the steady-state levels of all of the glycolytic mRNAs during exponential growth of S. cerevisiae on glucose or lactate. All of the measurements have been performed by using the same RNA preparations under similar conditions, and therefore the relative responses of all of the glycolytic mRNAs can be compared for the first time.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some more recent studies appear to confirm this observation for S. cerevisiae. For example, analyses of the enolase (EN02), phosphoglygerate kinase (PGKJ), pyruvate kinase (PYKI), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDCI), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHI) mRNAs have suggested that their levels are regulated in response to carbon source (13,16,39,47,58 gluconeogenic conditions (3,15). This was found to be dependent upon the activity of the GCRJ gene, which encodes a positive activator of glycolytic gene expression (3,15,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Yeast glycolytic mRNAs are differentially regulated.

et al. 1991

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The regulation of glycolytic genes in response to carbon source in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. When the relative levels of each glycolytic mRNA were compared during exponential growth on glucose or lactate, the various glycolytic mRNAs were found to be induced to differing extents by glucose. No significant differences in the stabilities of the PFK2, PGKI, PYKI, or PDCI mRNAs during growth on glucose or lactate were observed. PYK::lacZ and PGK::lacZ fusions were integrated independently into the yeast genome at the ura3 locus. The manner in which these fusions were differentially regulated in response to carbon source was similar to that of their respective wild-type loci. Therefore, the regulation of glycolytic mRNA levels is mediated at the transcriptional level. When the mRNAs are ordered with respect to the glycolytic pathway, two peaks of maximal induction are observed at phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. These enzymes (i) catalyze the two essentially irreversible steps on the pathway, (ii) are the two glycolytic enzymes that are circumvented during gluconeogenesis and hence are specific to glycolysis, and (iii) are encoded by mRNAs that we have shown previously to be coregulated at the translational level in S. cerevisiae (P. A. Moore, A. J. Bettany, and A. J. P. Brown, NATO ASI Ser. Ser. H Cell Biol. 49:421-432, 1990). This differential regulation of glycolytic mRNA levels might therefore have a significant influence upon glycolytic flux in S. cerevisiae.The glycolytic pathway plays a fundamental role in the provision of metabolic energy and intermediates during fermentative growth in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under these conditions, the glycolytic genes are among the most efficiently expressed genes in this organism, the glycolytic enzymes comprising over 30% of soluble cell protein (for reviews, see references 20 and 70). Most yeast glycolytic genes have been isolated and sequenced (2, 4, 11, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29-31, 40, 59, 62, 63, 68, 69). The high-level expression of yeast glycolytic genes is dependent upon complex interactions between a number of cis-acting promoter elements and trans-acting transcription factors which include the RAP1, ABF1, GCR1, and GAL11 proteins (3,8,10,12,13,15,41,48,55,60,61).It is not clear whether the expression of all glycolytic genes is induced when yeast cultures are transferred from nonfermentative to fermentative carbon sources. Maitra and Lobo (37) observed 3-to 100-fold increases in the levels of glycolytic enzymes following the addition of glucose to yeast cultures growing on acetate. This work was performed on a hybrid yeast strain generated by a cross between Saccharomyces fragilis and Saccharomyces dobzhanskii (37). Some more recent studies appear to confirm this observation for S. cerevisiae. For example, analyses of the enolase (EN02), phosphoglygerate kinase (PGKJ), pyruvate kinase (PYKI), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDCI), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHI) mRNAs have suggested that their levels are regulated in response to ...

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Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae WH12 gene

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Whi2p links nutritional sensing to actin-dependent Ras-cAMP-PKA regulation and apoptosis in yeast

Whi2p links nutritional sensing to actin-dependent Ras-cAMP-PKA regulation and apoptosis in yeast

Improved Acetic Acid Resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Overexpression of the WHI2 Gene Identified through Inverse Metabolic Engineering

Yeast glycolytic mRNAs are differentially regulated.

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